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MindMap Gallery Pharmacology-Antipsychiatric Drugs
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Pharmacology-Antipsychiatric Drugs
This is a mind map about antipsychotic drugs, including antischizophrenia drugs, antimanic drugs, antimanic drugs, Antidepressants, etc.
Edited at 2023-12-11 09:45:00- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- Project Management Process Template
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
Pharmacology-Antipsychiatric Drugs
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- Project Management Process Template
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
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- Outline
antipsychotic drugs
antimanic drugs
Lithium carbonate
Drugs of Choice for Manic Episodes and Relapse Prevention
internal processes
Absorption: Rapid and complete absorption after oral administration
Distribution: slow to take effect
Metabolism: No metabolic changes
Excretion: Mainly through the kidneys, the proximal convoluted tubule competes with sodium for reabsorption
Increasing Na salt can promote lithium excretion, and Na deficiency and poor renal function can lead to Na retention.
Pharmacological effects
Adverse reactions
anti-schizophrenia drugs
Classic antischizophrenia drugs
Phenothiazines
Chlorpromazine
internal processes
Pharmacological effects
Central Nervous System
antipsychotic effects
Antagonizes the mesolimbic and mesocortical systems
Mainly used for type I, with significant effect on acute patients
It cannot be cured and requires long-term medication.
Antiemetic effect
Small dose: antagonizes D2 receptors in the medulla bulbar emetic chemoreceptor area. Large dose: inhibits the vomiting center.
Inability to combat vomiting caused by vestibular stimulation, such as motion sickness
Effective for stubborn hiccups
Regulatory effect on body temperature
Inhibits the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center
Make body temperature change with changes in external environmental temperature
It not only lowers the body temperature of those with fever, but also lowers the body temperature of normal people.
autonomic nervous system
Blocking M receptors (anticholinergic effect): dry mouth, constipation, difficulty urinating, blurred vision, etc.
Block alpha receptors: blood vessels dilate and blood pressure decreases
Endocrine System
Antagonizes D2 receptors in the nodule-infundibulum system
Prolactin↑ Follicle-stimulating hormone Luteinizing hormone↓ Growth hormone↓
Adverse reactions
Common adverse reactions
Central depression symptoms: lethargy, apathy, weakness
Symptoms of M receptor antagonism: dry mouth, constipation, increased intraocular pressure
Atropine sample
Alpha receptor antagonism symptoms: orthostatic hypotension
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
Blocking receptors and adverse reactions
M receptor blockade: dry mouth, increased intraocular pressure, constipation, difficulty urinating
Alpha1 receptor blockade: orthostatic hypotension
H1 receptor blockade: excessive sedation
Drug Classification
Imipramine
Pharmacological effects
Central depressant effect: antidepressant effect, inhibiting NE and 5-HT reuptake
Autonomic nervous system: block M receptors
Cardiovascular system: hypotension, quinidine effects, cardiac arrhythmias
Clinical application
Treating depression caused by various causes
enuresis
Anxiety and phobias (possibly related to 5-HT reuptake)
Adverse reactions
Common atropine-like effects
Cardiovascular reactions: hypotension, arrhythmia (inhibition of myocardial NA reuptake)
Transition from depression to mania
Not suitable for patients with prostatic hypertrophy and glaucoma
doxepin
Amitriptyline
extrapyramidal reaction
parkinsonism
akathisia
acute dystonia
Tardive dyskinesia: oral, tongue and cheek triad
Cardiovascular system: orthostatic hypotension, arrhythmia
Allergic reactions: rash, contact dermatitis
Drug-induced mental disorders: disturbance of consciousness, malaise, apathy, restlessness
Convulsions and epilepsy: local or general convulsions occur in rare cases
Acute poisoning: lethargy, drop in blood pressure, shock, myocardial damage
Clinical application
Schizophrenia
Vomiting and persistent hiccups
Hypothermic anesthesia and artificial hibernation
Perphenogen
fluphenazine
Trifluoperazine
Thiaxanthenes
Chlorprothixol, Flupentixol
Butyrophenones
Haloperidol, Droperidol
non-classical schizophrenia drugs
benzodiazepines
clozapine
Process in the body: strong effect, quick effect, improvement of both positive and negative symptoms
Pharmacological effects
Specifically blocks 5-HT2A, D1, and D4 receptors in the mesencephalon-cortex and mesencephalic-limbic systems
Adverse reactions: almost no extrapyramidal adverse reactions, does not cause D2 receptor hypersensitivity, has no endocrine adverse reactions, and has good patient compliance
Benzamides
Sulpiride
Phenpropisoxazoles
Risperidone
first line drugs
Specificity blocks 5-HT2 and D2 receptors
The effective dose is small, the medication is convenient, and the patient's compliance is better
Antidepressants
NA uptake inhibitory drugs
Amitriptyline
Mianshelin
Potent and selective NA uptake inhibitor
Treat mild to moderate depression
Depression mainly caused by NA deficiency in the brain
Cautions should be taken when using concomitantly with sympathomimetic active drugs
Selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Fluoxetine
The world’s most prescribed antidepressant
Potent and selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor
Safer, antidepressant effect is similar to or slightly better than TCAs
Treating Depression and Bulimia Nervosa
Paroxetine (Salote)
Other drugs
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Phenelzine
Moclobemide
trazodone
Mirtazapine
antimanic drugs
Lithium carbonate
Drugs of Choice for Manic Episodes and Relapse Prevention
internal processes
Absorption: Rapid and complete absorption after oral administration
Distribution: slow to take effect
Metabolism: No metabolic changes
Excretion: Mainly through the kidneys, the proximal convoluted tubule competes with sodium for reabsorption
Increasing Na salt can promote lithium excretion, and Na deficiency and poor renal function can lead to Na retention.
Mechanism
Inhibits the release of NA from nerve terminals and promotes its reuptake
Reduce the NA content in the synaptic cleft
Promote the production and release of 5-HT
Inhibits adenylyl cyclase and reduces cAMP
Clinical application
treating mania
manic excitement in schizophrenia
Adverse reactions
Gastrointestinal reactions: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc.
Related to lithium salt irritation of mucous membranes
Anti-ADH effect: thirsty and polyuria
Antithyroid effects: hypothyroidism, goiter
Safety range: 0.8-1.5mmol/L, poisoning occurs when >2.0mmol/L
Schizophrenia
Clinical classification
Type I
Positive symptoms (hallucinations, delusions, disordered thinking)
Good treatment effect
The prognosis is good and cure is possible
Type II
Negative symptoms (apathy, poor language, lack of desire)
Poor treatment effect
Prognosis is poor and prone to decline
etiology
Hyperfunction of the DA system in the brain
5-HT and NA dysfunction
DA/5-HT imbalance
Excitatory amino acid system function is low