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MindMap Gallery Preschool education-child personality
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Preschool education-child personality
This is a mind map about children's personality. Personality, also known as personality, is a relatively stable system with certain psychological tendencies and a unique combination of various psychological characteristics or qualities.
Edited at 2023-12-09 23:12:47- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
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Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
Preschool education-child personality
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- One Hundred Years of Solitude Character Relationship Chart
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
- Project Management Process Template
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
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- Outline
Toddler's personality
An overview of personality (except for Qi, all are acquired and have certain plasticity)
Get to know personality
concept of personality
Personality, also known as personality, is a unique combination of various psychological characteristics or qualities with certain psychological tendencies. It is a relatively stable system.
personality traits
Wholeness, stability, uniqueness (individual differences), sociality
psychological structure of personality
Personality tendency (the most active factor in the personality psychological structure, the dynamic system of personality psychology)
Needs are the source of personality tendencies
Motivation is the internal driving force for personality development
Ideals and beliefs play a guiding role in personality development
Personality psychological characteristics (trait system)
Temperament is the dynamic characteristic of personality psychological characteristics
Personality is the attitude characteristic of personality psychological characteristics
Ability is the potential psychological characteristic of personality to successfully complete an activity.
Self-awareness (regulatory system)
Self-knowledge is the cognitive part of self-awareness
Self-experience is the emotional part of self-awareness
Self-regulation is the volitional component of self-awareness
Connection: They are all components of personality. The three are not isolated, but are interconnected and influence each other.
Development of children's personality
Personality begins to sprout after the age of two
3 to 6 years old is the period when personality begins to take shape.
The age of 18 is the period when personality is basically finalized. However, after personality development, it may also change due to social environment and other factors.
factors affecting development
Family Factors
The main place where children’s personality is socialized
Social factors (important conditions for personality formation and development)
School and social culture are the most direct and important influencing factors
School is the dominant factor in the formation and development of personality
The development of young children’s temperaments (which are naturally very stable)
The concept and characteristics of temperament
concept
Temperament is a relatively stable dynamic characteristic displayed by an individual, mainly manifested in the intensity, speed, flexibility and stability of psychological activities.
Features
Has relative stability, individual differences and certain variability
Types and manifestations of young children’s temperament and educational strategies
A person's temperament is not single, it ranges between various types
Choleric (Li Kui, Zhang Fei)
Strengths: straightforward, enthusiastic, energetic, quick response
Disadvantages: quick temper, impulsiveness, poor control
Its central characteristic is "urgency"
Be patient and encourage them to learn self-control
Sanguine (Wang Xifeng, Cao Cao)
Advantages: Lively, active, responsive, energetic, and willing to socialize
Disadvantages: Attention is easily diverted, not focused, changes to new ideas, lacks persistence, careless
Its central feature is "living"
Listen more, affirm more, and encourage them to persevere in their work.
Phlegm (Lin Chong, Sha Monk)
Advantages: Emotionally stable, good at predicting the consequences of actions
Disadvantages: Slow response, taciturn, loose, tired
Its central feature is “slowness and fineness”
Communicate in a timely manner to encourage continuous creative performance
Depression (Lin Daiyu)
Advantages: Patient and meticulous, good at thinking, full of fantasy
Disadvantages: Emotionally fragile, withdrawn, timid and afraid of getting into trouble
Its central characteristic is "sensitivity"
Give them more love and attention and encourage them to express themselves boldly
The "Humoral Theory" of Ancient Greek Physician Hippocritus
The relationship between children’s temperament and education
There is no good or bad temperament. Every temperament has its advantages and disadvantages.
The purpose of education is not to try to change a child's original temperament, but to help the child overcome the shortcomings of the original temperament, develop the advantages of a perfect temperament, teach children in accordance with their aptitude, and develop a good personality on the basis of the original temperament.
Development of children's character
meaning of character
An individual's stable attitude toward reality (evaluation of things, likes and dislikes, avoidance), and the habitual behavior (style of doing things) that corresponds to it are the personality psychological characteristics with this core significance. They are the attitude characteristics of the personality psychological characteristics.
It is cultivated, influenced by environmental and social factors, and has obvious socialization characteristics, which can be divided into good and bad.
Types and characteristics of children’s personalities
type
Lively and active type
Performance: Be more enthusiastic about everything and more likely to be curious. But has a quick temper and is often aggressive
Education strategy: While encouraging children to explore enthusiastically, tell them the corresponding behavioral rules.
Stubborn and rebellious
Performance: Often outspoken, rebellious, controlling, and likes to say "no"
Educational strategies: Pay attention to the emotional changes of children, formulate behavioral rules, and communicate effectively with children.
ego type
Performance: Prefers to be alone, is well-behaved, obedient, and has few needs. But it is generally difficult to adapt to changes in the environment and has poor social skills
Educational strategies: Cultivate young children’s social skills through activities
Undisciplined
Performance: It is more difficult to understand others and integrate into activities, slow to warm up and have difficulty concentrating, and has poor sensitivity and self-focus.
Educational Strategies: Help young children focus, increase their sensitivity and enhance their ability to focus on themselves
Features
Lively and active: Children like to walk around and move things, are willing to participate in all kinds of labor within their capabilities, and do things under the guidance of adults
Like to interact: Peer interaction and teacher-student interaction are important ways to promote children's socialization and play an important role in children's physical and mental development. Adults should encourage young children to establish good interpersonal relationships with others, which has positive significance for children to develop a good and happy emotional state.
Curious and inquisitive: Children are eager to understand the essence of things and like to satisfy their curiosity through exploratory behaviors such as taking a look and touching them.
Strong imitation: Strong imitation is a typical characteristic of individuals in early childhood. Children aged 3 to 4 years old perform particularly well. Mainly imitate teachers and parents
Easily impulsive: Children's emotions change easily and are impulsive. Children's emotions are exposed, and all their joys, anger, sorrows and joys are expressed.
Influencing factors and strategies for building good character
Influencing factors
The role of heredity: the natural basis for character formation, providing the possibility for the formation and development of character
The influence of family: Family is the first school for individuals to understand the world and gain knowledge.
The role of kindergarten education
influence of social environment
The social environment is the external condition on which individual psychological development depends. The formation of children's personality is closely related to the surrounding environment in which they live.
The role of social practice activities: the best way to improve children's social communication skills and cultivate children's independence and will quality
shape strategy
Through one-day activities in kindergarten (the basic way to shape children’s good character)
Through games (the most important way young children learn) and various activities
Create a good family atmosphere
Maintain the unity of family and school education
Set a good example for young children
Development of young children's abilities
The meaning of ability
The personality and psychological characteristics that an individual must possess to successfully complete an activity
The prerequisites and effective means of mastering knowledge and skills are helpful for the formation of good character traits.
meaning of knowledge
The crystallization of human wisdom is the subjective response of objective things, inherent attributes and internal connections in the human brain. Knowledge is not equal to ability, knowledge is the basis of ability.
Types of children’s abilities
Participate in activity areas
General ability (general motor ability, operational ability and intelligence)
Special abilities (musical ability, organizational skills)
Creativity
Imitation ability (young children role-play in games)
Creativity (children’s creation of imaginary paintings)
Function
cognitive ability
Operation ability
Social skills
Development of young children's abilities
Initial formation of abilities (in the process of receiving education, participating in games and other activities, one's own abilities are formed)
Show individual differences (different people have different mastery of the same ability)
Respect individual differences and teach students in accordance with their aptitude
Rapid intellectual development (infancy is the period of fastest intellectual development)
3 to 6 years old is an important period for individual intellectual development
By the age of 4, intelligence has developed to 50%
By the age of 8, intelligence develops to 80%, and the development speed slows down significantly.
Special abilities begin to appear (when an individual is 3 to 6 years old, some special abilities begin to appear, especially music and painting abilities are the most common)
Cultivation of young children’s abilities
Understand the development level of abilities (individual abilities are different, so it is necessary to observe the children's words and deeds, so as to teach students in accordance with their aptitude so that the children's dominant abilities can be fully developed)
Organize various activities (ability is formed and developed in corresponding practical activities. Adults should arrange activities in a targeted manner and guide children to actively participate in order to develop their corresponding abilities)
Teach knowledge and skills
Adults must pay attention to imparting correct and understandable knowledge and skills to young children
Develop interests and hobbies
Adults should pay attention to cultivating children’s interests
Develop a strong will
Strong will and unremitting efforts are important factors for the development of abilities. "Diligence can make up for weakness, but the stupid bird will fly first"
Development of self-awareness in young children
Overview of self-awareness
meaning
An individual's awareness of himself and his relationship with the things around him is an important part of personality
Classification
self-knowledge
The cognitive component of self-awareness is the core level of self-awareness and the primary component is the psychological basis of self-regulation.
self experience
The embodiment of self-awareness in terms of emotion, motivation, self-esteem, and self-confidence
self-regulation
The will part of self-awareness, including self-examination, self-monitoring, self-control, etc.
The emergence and development of self-awareness
occur
Before 1 year old: The development of self-awareness and the inability to separate oneself from the surrounding objects. Don’t know that hands and feet are part of one’s own body
1~2 years old: The development of self-awareness, and the child has viewed himself as an independent individual. Smile at yourself in the mirror
2~3 years old: budding self-awareness. Can use it accurately to express wishes and show initial independence
When children are 2 to 3 years old, they can accurately express their wishes through I, which marks the bud of self-awareness (a sign of the emergence of self-awareness in children).
develop
Developmental characteristics of self-evaluation
From compliance evaluation to independent evaluation
Compliance evaluation for 3 to 4 years old (small class): simply repeat the evaluation of others, especially parents and teachers
5~6 years old (large class) independent evaluation begins to appear: Begins to be skeptical of members' evaluations, and evaluates independently
From subjective emotional evaluation to preliminary objective evaluation
Emotional evaluation around 3 years old (small class): Evaluating people or facts often does not start from the facts, but based on their own emotions.
5~6 years old (upper class) Evaluation gradually becomes objective: When evaluating people or things, they begin to gradually get rid of the shackles of emotions, and the evaluation gradually conforms to objective facts.
From general and vague evaluation to targeted evaluation
Around 3 years old (small class) General evaluation: When evaluating oneself, it is often vague and general and only evaluates certain aspects.
5~6 years old (upper class) evaluation gradually becomes more targeted: When evaluating oneself, it gradually becomes more targeted and can evaluate multiple aspects.
Characteristics of self-control development
Meaning: An individual’s control over his or her own behavior, thoughts, language, etc., mainly manifested in self-control, consciousness, persistence, etc.
3~4 years old: poor self-control, consciousness and persistence
4~5 years old: rapid development of self-control, consciousness and persistence
5~6 years old: Self-control, consciousness and persistence have developed to a certain level
There are individual differences. When 4 to 5 years old, girls' self-control level develops at a significantly higher rate than boys. At 5 to 6 years old, boys' self-control level develops at a significantly higher rate than girls.
Self-experience development characteristics
Meaning: An emotional experience that an individual has towards himself, and an individual's emotional attitude towards himself formed on the basis of self-understanding and evaluation, which is reflected in the emergence of self-esteem, self-confidence and shame. Teachers' praise and praise are helpful Common methods for children to build self-esteem. Teachers’ affirmation and recognition are the primary methods for children to build self-esteem.
Around the age of three, children begin to develop feelings of self-esteem, self-confidence, and shame. The specific manifestation is that children are particularly concerned about other people's opinions and evaluations of themselves, have a strong ambition and competitiveness, and do not want to be criticized. If they are criticized, they will blush, bow their heads, hide, etc.
After 3 years of age: The development of self-awareness. Self-awareness has further developed in all aspects, and self-evaluation, self-experience and self-control have begun to develop. Able to control myself to eat less sweets
Cultivation of children's self-awareness
Make correct, appropriate and positive evaluations of children
Teachers should pay attention to their words and deeds and evaluate children in a positive manner
Integrate self-awareness cultivation and daily life
Guide the development of young children’s self-awareness in various activities (the best way)
Teachers should guide children to understand themselves and learn to evaluate others correctly
Family education, focusing on cooperation
Teachers should help parents understand the importance of cultivating children's self-awareness, guide parents to fully understand children, guide parents to master scientific methods of evaluating children, and require parents to correctly evaluate children.