Triglycerides are important energy substances for the body

Fatty acids have many important physiological functions

Phospholipids are important structural components and signaling molecules

Cholesterol is an important component of biological membranes and the precursor of sterols with important biological functions.

Start with fat mobilization

Glycerol is converted into glycerol 3-phosphate and used

Beta oxidation is a core step in lipolysis

Fatty acids are broken down in the liver to produce ketone bodies

Liver, adipose tissue, and small intestine are the main sites of triglyceride synthesis

Glycerol and fatty acids are the basic raw materials for the synthesis of triglycerides

Two pathways for triglyceride synthesis

Palmitic acid is synthesized in the cytoplasm

Acetyl COA, ATP, NADPH are the raw materials of palmitic acid

One molecule of palmitic acid is formed by the condensation of one molecule of acetyl COA and seven molecules of malonyl COA.

Palmitate elongation occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria

The synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids requires the catalysis of multiple desaturases

Fatty acid synthesis is regulated by metabolites and hormones

The raw materials for glycerophospholipid synthesis come from sugar, lipid and amino acid metabolism

Two pathways for glycerophospholipid synthesis

Main place liver

Acetyl CoA, NADPH are the basic raw materials

A series of reactions using HMG-CoA as the key enzyme

Synthesis is regulated by HMG-CoA reductase

Chylomicrons primarily transport exogenous triglycerides and cholesterol

Very low density protein primarily transports endogenous triglycerides

Low-density protein mainly transports endogenous cholesterol

High-density protein mainly reverses cholesterol transport