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ecosystem
This is a mind map about ecosystems. In a certain area, organisms and the environment interact with each other through constant material circulation and energy flow, and the unified whole formed by interdependence is called an ecosystem.
Edited at 2023-11-10 21:19:48
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ecosystem
definition
In a certain area, organisms and the environment interact with each other through constant material circulation and energy flow, and the unified whole formed by interdependence is called an ecosystem.
composition
biological components
producer
Mainly refers to green plants
consumer
Feed directly or indirectly on green plants
Classification
Herbivore
Eat green plants directly
Example: rabbit, deer, etc.
carnivore
feed on animals
Example: frog, spider, etc.
Omnivores
Feed on plants and animals
Example: duck, pig, etc.
decomposer
Mainly bacteria and fungi
abiotic components
Mainly include sunlight, air, water and soil.
Food chain and food web
definition
Organisms are connected to each other through food relationships to form a food chain
The food chains in the ecosystem are intertwined with each other to form a complex network, which is called a food web.
food chain writing
A food chain usually starts with a producer and ends with an apex predator.
The arrows in a food chain indicate the direction of energy flow, with energy gradually decreasing from producer to consumer.
Reason: Respiration consumes energy
The trophic levels in the food chain are ladder-like, and each trophic level can only get a part of the energy of the previous trophic level.
The greater the number and variety of organisms in the food web (the richer the biodiversity), the more stable the ecosystem (the stronger its ability to self-regulate).
Decomposers and abiotic components are not included in the food chain
Example
Grass→Insect→Bird→Eagle
In this food chain, grass is a producer, insects are primary consumers, birds are secondary consumers, and eagles are tertiary consumers.
In this food chain, grass is also the first trophic level, insects are the second trophic level, birds are the third trophic level, and eagles are the fourth trophic level.
Trophic level
In ecology, the sum of all organisms in a certain link of the food chain is called a trophic level.
bioconcentration
Often occurs along the food chain
ecological balance
The energy flow and material circulation between organisms and between organisms and the environment remain relatively stable. This relatively stable state is called ecological balance.
biosphere
definition
The biosphere is the sum of various types of ecosystems on Earth and is the largest ecosystem on Earth.
scope
upper atmosphere, upper lithosphere
Hydrosphere all
Classification
aquatic ecosystem
marine ecosystem
freshwater ecosystem
terrestrial ecosystem
woodland ecosystem
forest ecosystem
Planted forest ecosystem
grassland ecosystem
grassland ecosystem
artificial pasture ecosystem
...