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MindMap Gallery Leadership Science Chapters 1-5
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Leadership Science Chapters 1-5
Leadership science knowledge points. Leadership science is a science that takes leadership activities as the research object and reveals the laws of leadership; leadership refers to the use of certain forms and methods by leaders within a certain social organization or group to exert their legal power and influence. The behavioral process of exerting influence on the led and working together on various objective objects to achieve predetermined goals. .
Edited at 2023-07-27 21:28:54
- cáncer de pulmón
El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
- diabetes
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
- sistema digestivo
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
Leadership Science Chapters 1-5
- cáncer de pulmón
El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
- diabetes
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
- sistema digestivo
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
- Recommended to you
- Outline
leadership science
Leadership Overview
introduction
The historical evolution of leadership activities
The emergence of leadership activities
The emergence of leadership activities
Wherever there are people, there are rivers and lakes
Leadership activities originated from: primitive society
tribal chief
Leadership activities arise from the common labor of mankind and social division of labor
Some people went out hunting
Some people cook at home
part of knitting clothes
Development of leadership activities
primitive society
abdication system (passing on to those who are capable)
collective system
Often associated with totem worship
slaves, feudal society
Hereditary system (passed to one’s own son, usually the eldest son)
Paternalistic experience leadership (a leadership style that relies on the leader’s personal experience, knowledge, and talents)
capitalist society
Expert leadership and expert group leadership are universal, and scientific leadership will inevitably emerge
socialist society
The leader and the led are just different in social division of labor and have a comradely equal relationship.
Deng Xiaoping: "What is leadership? Leadership is service."
Basic trends in the development of modern leadership
Decision-making specialization
Past leadership: monopolizing power and doing everything personally (the emperor is the sole dictator)
Sloan, President of General Motors, proposed "centralized policies and decentralized management" based on the "manager system" and established a "division system". The creation of divisions is a symbol of the separation of decision-making and execution rights.
CEO CEO
President's Office
HR headquarters
Division A
Division B
Division C
Division F
Financial headquarters
Corporate Management Headquarters
Later American management scientist Simon first proposed "decision-making specialization": The essential difference between leadership and management lies in the separation of decision-making power and execution power, also called the separation of ownership and execution power.
In addition, the decision-making power is divided into consultation and decision-making, that is, "contemplation" and "judgment" are separated.
lead
Decision making (making plans)
Consulting - seeking (n solutions provided)
Decision-Decision (Decide on the best option)
Execution (execution plan)
The creation of business units marks the separation of decision-making and execution
Groupization of leading entities
Past leaders: I am the country - the dictatorship of the parents
Modern leadership: multi-person leadership--leadership group
It seems that the number of people has changed, but the essence is that the rules of leadership power have changed.
Democratic leadership
Past leadership: autocratic rule: monopoly of power, disconnection of rights and responsibilities
symbol of democratization
power sharing
Alignment of powers and responsibilities
Supervisory independence
important signs
Legalization
Democracy is the leadership method that best embodies the characteristics of modern leadership. It is also the fundamental difference between the rule of man and the rule of law.
The signs of democratization of leadership can be summarized in four points:
Power sharing and consistency of rights and responsibilities are fundamental features of a democratic system
The “Business Department System” and the Emergence of Private Consulting Organizations
Another manifestation of the democratization trend is the independence of supervision
The democratization of leadership methods inevitably requires the rule of law
Scientific leadership methods
past leadership
Not following certain procedures
There is no leadership method. The leadership style depends on the leader’s preference.
Now
follow strict procedures
Theories, techniques and methods of action science
The emergence and development of leadership science
Leadership activities should be studied as a science
What is science?
A subject with rules to follow is science
Why is leadership a science?
Because leadership activities have rules to follow
Definition of leadership science: Leadership science is a science that takes leadership activities as its research object and reveals the laws of leadership.
Historical conditions for the emergence of leadership science
How to discover patterns?
practice
How to discover the patterns of leadership activities?
Summarize practical experience in leadership activities
The practice of leadership activities is the source of leadership science
historical conditions
development of modern society
Rapid development of science and technology
Development and deepening of division of labor in modern society
The long-term accumulation of human leadership ideological achievements
China
The Analects of Confucius
"The Art of War" by Sun Wu
Sima Guang's "Zi Zhi Tong Jian"
The west
Aristotle's Politics
Machiavelli's "The Prince"
Clausewitz's "On War"
The rise of leadership science in our country
development path
1930s
the west begins
1980s
Our country established
1990s
my country's development
After the 21st century
Our country is perfect
The objects, scope and characteristics of leadership scientific research
Research object
Research objects of leadership science
Leadership activities, that is, the contradictions, characteristics and laws of modern leadership activities, the laws of the combination and interaction of various elements of leadership
elements of leadership activities
leader
led
group goals
objective environment
scope of leadership science
Theories about the nature of leadership
leadership concept theory
theory of leadership functions
leadership system theory
The theory of leader’s quality and cultivation
Theories of leadership methods, art, and style
The theory of leadership performance appraisal
Characteristics of leadership science
Comprehensive
Applicability
social historicity
Relationship with other disciplines
Management science is more connected to the hard sciences, and leadership science is more connected to the soft sciences.
Marxist Philosophy
politics
management science
Party Building Theory
Learn the meaning and methods of leadership science
fundamental method
Unify theory and practice
Other methods
empirical method
also known as survey research method
historical method
comparison method
case method
Systematic approach
Reference method
Leaders and leaders, the led
lead
The meaning of leadership
definition
Leadership refers to the behavioral process in which within a certain social organization or group, the leader exerts his legal power and influence, uses certain forms and methods to influence the led, and jointly acts on various objective objects to achieve predetermined goals. .
attributes of leadership
attributes of leadership
natural properties (universality)
The leadership's attributes of leading, guiding, directing, and coordinating are common natural attributes of leadership activities in all societies. The natural attribute sign is unified will and certain power.
social attributes (particularity)
The attributes formed by the ownership of the means of production and the social mode of production are the social attributes of leadership.
Social attributes dominate, and social attributes determine the nature of leadership! ! !
Characteristics of leadership awareness
Principled
Adhere to the four basic principles, implement the party's basic line, principles, and policies, emancipate the mind correctly, and seek truth from facts.
Advancement
It is both foresight and requires leaders to be far-sighted and make scientific predictions from a high position.
Comprehensive
Leadership activities are a synthesis of knowledge from multiple perspectives, levels, and aspects.
creativity
Leaders give full play to their subjective initiative, form new concepts and categories, and are good at understanding and grasping the essential laws of things.
Systematic
Leadership activities are factors such as the leader, the led, the organizational system, group goals, objective environment, methods and methods.
Characteristics of leadership practice
authoritative
The primary characteristic, authority comes from the legitimacy of leadership power and the leader's personal charisma.
Dependence
It must rely on organizational carriers and the cooperation of other forces, and cannot be separated from other social subjects.
Purpose
Leadership goals are the starting point and destination of leadership practice, running through the entire process and affecting all aspects.
Organizational
Leadership activity is an organizational behavior. Leadership can only exist and develop within an organization.
Coordination
Leadership activities need to coordinate the relationship between the leadership system and the external environment, between departments within the system, and between various aspects of work.
detachment
Leadership activity is a special, high-level management activity that needs to be freed from transactionalism.
Serviceability
Leadership power comes from the people and can only be used to serve the people and the public interest.
Types of leadership
Classification criteria one
The historical process of leadership
Natural leadership, paternalistic leadership, managerial leadership and servant leadership
Leadership behaviors and characteristics
Primitive simple leadership, centralized leadership, democratic leadership, servant leadership, expert leadership
Relations of production
The leadership of primitive society, the leadership of exploiting class society, the leadership of socialist society
Leader's work areas
Party leadership, administrative leadership, military leadership, business leadership
leadership members
individual leadership and collective leadership
Classification criteria two
level of leadership
Senior leadership, middle leadership, low-level leadership
leadership relationship
Hierarchical leadership, single-line leadership, star leadership, wheel leadership, network leadership
The focus of leadership work
People-centered leadership, matter-centered leadership, leadership with equal emphasis on personnel and affairs
Sources of power and influence held by leaders
Formal leadership, agency leadership, informal leadership
leadership techniques
Positive leadership and negative leadership
The foundation of leadership
Comprehensive influence
The power to make others obey or to change other people's thoughts and behaviors.
Fundamental conditions for leadership activities
Influence
that power
external power
Legal power or position power, such as: power of reward and punishment
inner power
Personal power, including prestige, prestige, charm, calling and expertise rights, reference rights, etc.
Morality
Knowledge
leadership
Decision-making, communication, management, business skills
The nature of socialist leadership
Serve
Other expressions: "Leadership is service", "Servant of the people", "Humble and eager to learn", "Come from the masses"
leader
meaning of leader
definition
A leader refers to an individual or group who holds a certain leadership position in a certain position system in common social activities.
The Essence of a Socialist Leader
The organic unity of the trinity of the person in charge, the person in power (difference: the person in power is the horse in the carriage (the Communist Party of China), the person in power is the groom (the people)), and the waiter
Characteristics of a leader
Have authority
Nature of authority
Authority is given by the organization
Have clear and strict limits
Authority has objective connotation
have responsibility
legal liability
Job responsibilities
political responsibility
Provide services
serve the people
innovative
Can't imitate immutably
multiple roles
The status and role of leaders
The main body of leadership activities, playing a leading role in leadership activities
led
The meaning of being led
Meaning: Under the leadership of a leader, in accordance with the leader's intentions, individuals or groups engage in specific practical activities to achieve organizational goals.
The essence of socialist leaders is the masters of society
Characteristics of the led
obedience
The led must obey the leader
passivity
Leaders exert their subjective initiative in leadership activities and drive the led to strive to achieve organizational goals
objectivity
An important characteristic of a leader is service. As a counterpart of the leader, he has the objectivity of the leader when serving.
source
The led are the foundation for leaders to pioneer and innovate, and are the source of
Does not hold a leadership position or holds a lower leadership position (the most intuitive characteristic)
The status and role of the led
The led is the counterpart of the leader
The led play a fundamental role in generating and selecting leaders
Leaders play a decisive role in leadership effectiveness
The led treat the leader correctly
obey leadership
support leadership
Supervisory leadership
The relationship between the leader and the led
leader
led
Functions and Principles of a Leader
leadership functions
leadership function status
leadership function meaning
Leadership function is the responsibility and social function of the leader, and is a concrete manifestation of the essence of leadership.
Leadership function is the basic prerequisite for engaging in leadership activities
The status of leadership function in leadership activities: one symbol, two basis
It is an important symbol to determine a reasonable organizational structure and realize scientific leadership.
It is the scientific basis for leadership activities
The realization of leadership functions is the basis for testing the results of leadership activities
General functions of leadership
guide
The most basic function of a leader (guiding and navigating)
Correct planning of goals is the core (direction) of guidance
Correctly proposing tasks is the central link in achieving leadership (what to do)
Scientifically formulating leadership methods is an important part of guidance (how to do it)
command
Command is a leadership activity that uses organizational rights and responsibilities, exerts leadership authority, and promotes subordinates to achieve organizational goals.
Generally, three methods can be adopted: command, persuasion, and demonstration.
Order
Backed by compulsory force and obviously binding, the most common
persuade
Learn to be rational and do patient and meticulous ideological work
demonstration
Commend the advanced, promote experience, point out the situation, lead by example, and set an example for others (belonging to the "silent command")
organize
Reasonably set up institutions according to goals, establish systems, allocate powers, use personnel, etc.
This is a reliable guarantee for achieving leadership tasks.
coordination
Leaders use various measures and means to continuously adjust the internal and external aspects of the organizational system to achieve coordination and achieve leadership goals.
Two ways: active promotion to achieve a new balance; serious correction to maintain normal order.
supervise
The purpose of the supervision function: To identify problems, correct deviations and implement effective supervision, the first priority is to establish standards. Next is in-depth investigation.
educate
Education is the act of publicizing, mobilizing, cultivating, and training the masses to improve their quality in all aspects
Basic functions of contemporary leadership
Scientific decision-making - the most basic function
First, it is consistent with the principles of people’s supremacy and clear goals
Second, it embodies the principle of external brain assistance
Third, respect laws and principles
Selecting talents and employing people (the key to employing people is to maximize strengths and avoid weaknesses)
Ideological and political work (the central link of leadership activities)
principles of leadership
general principles of leadership
leadership principles meaning
Leadership principles are the standards and rules that leaders must adhere to and follow in the process of leadership activities.
leadership principles
The fundamental way to realize the leadership function
An important prerequisite for doing a good job in leadership
According to actual needs, it can be divided into general principles and basic principles.
General principles of leadership in our country
The Party’s Basic Line and Principles
Adhere to the basic line (fundamental principle) of "one center and two basic points"
Focus on economic construction, adhere to reform and opening up, and adhere to the leadership of the party
Adhere to the four basic principles and adhere to reform and opening up
The principle of seeking truth from facts
The core of the party’s ideological line
principle of democratic centralism
The party’s fundamental organizational system and leadership system combine collective leadership with division of labor and responsibility
mass line principle
The requirements of the mass line principle
Correctly understand the status and role of the people's historical activities and establish the view that the people are the masters and creators of history.
Correctly understand the nature of proletarian leaders as public servants of the people and society, and establish the perspective of serving the people wholeheartedly.
Take the interests of the masses as the criterion and establish the viewpoint of being responsible to the masses in all matters.
Correctly understand that the masses of the people are the real driving force of human history, and establish the perspective of trusting and relying on the masses.
Establish the perspective of consciously accepting supervision from the people.
The general principles of our country’s leadership refer to those fundamental and comprehensive principles in the actual situation of our country’s leadership.
Basic Principles of Leadership
meaning
The basic principles of leadership, also known as the general principles of leadership, are leadership principles that reflect universal common laws that run through all aspects of leadership activities.
The basic principle
unified leadership principles
Require
Leadership activities must have a unified will, a unified goal, and a unified code of conduct within a certain period of time.
application
The organizational structure has unified leadership, and the personnel sequence has unified leadership.
Hierarchical Leadership Principles
The organizational structure of provinces, cities, counties, and townships. Hierarchical leadership is determined by the breadth of leadership
Overall system principles
Municipal management is too chaotic, urban planning changes repeatedly, road maintenance is like zippers, and large-scale demolition and construction can be seen everywhere.
Principle of consistency of rights and responsibilities
Unification of authority and responsibility;
Spread of separation bureaucracy
Unity of authority and position;
Unity of duties and interests;
Disengagement deprives leadership of necessary motivation
democratic openness principle
It is required that in leadership activities, we must attach great importance to promoting democracy, making the work system and results public, and accepting public supervision.
Prerequisites for mass supervision
The principle of collective leadership and division of labor and responsibility
Clarify the scope of authority, duties and responsibilities of each leadership member.
Develop reasonable assessment standards, including basic requirements such as quantity, quality and time limit.
Combine the assessment results with corresponding reward and punishment measures to reward the good and punish the bad.
Leaders and members support and cooperate with each other to jointly achieve the overall goal of the work.
Leadership principles: the fundamental way to achieve leadership goals
leadership elements
leadership concept
Leadership concept
Basic connotation of leadership concepts
Leadership concept is the leader’s essential understanding or reflection of the leadership activity process and its regularity.
The driving force behind the renewal of leadership concepts is the change in production methods
Basic characteristics of modern leadership concepts
Guided by Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics, we insist on proceeding from reality in everything and have a firm and clear political stance.
It is necessary to inherit fine traditions while fully embodying the spirit of the times. It is necessary to abandon or change old concepts that are outdated, wrong, backward, and decadent, and to establish correct and progressive new concepts that meet the needs of the times.
It must not only have Chinese national characteristics, be based on the country and the present, but also face the world and the future, and adapt to the needs of the task of building socialism with Chinese characteristics
The important role of leadership concepts
Leadership concepts guide leaders’ thinking activities and restrict the process and results of leaders’ thinking activities.
Leadership concepts determine leadership behavior and leadership methods, and affect the success or failure of leadership activities.
Basic Concepts of Modern Leadership
political ideas
Political concepts are leaders’ awareness and views on political phenomena and the nature of politics
A concentrated expression of my country’s political concepts (features during construction)
Reflected in adhering to the Party's basic theory, basic line, and basic program, adhering to emancipating the mind and reform and opening up, promoting scientific development, and promoting social harmony
It is reflected in upholding and safeguarding the national power of the people's democratic dictatorship, adhering to the unity of the party's leadership, the people being the masters of the country and governing the country according to law, establishing an overall concept and awareness of the overall situation, and ensuring the long-term stability of the country and the fundamental interests of the people.
Political concepts are also expressed as political civilization consciousness
Basic requirements for leaders to establish correct political concepts
We must adhere to the correct political direction, unswervingly follow the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and strive to realize communism
We must adhere to a correct political stance and stand firmly on the side of the working class and the masses of the people.
Adhere to correct political views and use Marxism-Leninism-Mao-Deng San, the Scientific Outlook on Development and the theory of harmonious society to guide the work of the party and the country
Adhere to strict political discipline (subordinates obey superiors, the minority obeys the majority), and maintain keen political discernment and political sensitivity
humanistic concept
The basic connotation of humanistic concept
People-oriented means: respecting the people's dominant position, giving full play to the people's initiative, protecting the people's rights and interests, adhering to development for the people, relying on the people for development, and sharing the fruits of development by the people
The necessity of humanistic concept
necessity
It is determined by the main contradiction in leadership work
It is the essential requirement of socialist leadership for leaders
Why should we establish a humanistic concept?
Basic requirements of humanistic concept
Strengthen the concept of serving the people
Serve the people; establish the party for the people, govern for the public; use power for the people, feelings for the people, and seek benefits for the people
Firmly adhere to the position of putting others first and putting things first
Adhere to the principle of relying on key talents
Establish the concept of people making the best use of their talents
Encourage awareness of talent competition
Advocate humanistic care
concept of power
Power is the basis and prerequisite for leaders to engage in leadership activities. Leaders without power cannot fulfill their responsibilities and complete their missions.
Basic requirements for leaders to establish a correct concept of power
Correct understanding of the content of power
Correct understanding of the source and nature of power
A correct understanding of the principles of exercise of power
Correct understanding of the relationship between authority and responsibility
·Power is a prerequisite for leadership activities and a means to fulfill responsibilities
·Responsibility is the true attribute and ultimate destination of leadership activities
Correct understanding of power use supervision
concept of rule of law
The concept of the rule of law is the formation of understanding and attitude towards the nature, status, role and other issues of the national legal system.
Establishing the concept of the rule of law is essentially the recognition and implementation of the spirit of the law and the value of the rule of law
Today, governing the country according to law is the core content of our country’s socialist rule of law
basic requirements
Consciously safeguard the authority of the Constitution and laws and establish the concept of supremacy of law
Consciously resist the idea of privilege and establish the concept of equality before the law
Consciously safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the people and establish the concept of human rights protection (the significant difference between a country under the rule of law and a country under the rule of law)
Consciously adhere to leadership according to law and establish the concept of using power according to law
market economy concept
Market economy refers to the economic operation mode in which social resources are mainly allocated through the market.
Accelerate the improvement of the socialist market economic system and further strengthen the decisive role of the market in resource allocation
reform and innovation concepts
The concept of reform and innovation refers to people’s overall views and basic views on reform and innovation
The necessity of reform and innovation
Necessary requirements for practicing the scientific outlook on development
Responding to the objective needs of changing times
Urgent Requirements for Socialist Modernization
Ensure inexhaustible motivation for leadership career development
The fundamental requirement for leadership concept innovation is to seek truth from facts
Basic requirements for establishing the concept of reform and innovation
Understand the nature and purpose of reform and innovation
Clarify the value and role of reform and innovation
Firm stance and direction of reform and innovation
Always maintain a mental state and way of thinking that emancipates the mind and keeps pace with the times
Good at choosing reasonable reform strategies and methods
concept of political achievement
It is the overall view and basic viewpoint of the achievements made by leading cadres through the governance of party and government organs.
Basic requirements for leaders to establish a scientific outlook on political performance
Clarify what political achievements are
Make it clear why you create political achievements
Clarify the criteria for viewing political performance
Clarify how to create political achievements
leadership decisions
Decision-making and its place in leadership
decision making concept
definition
Decision-making is making a decision, a decision to choose a countermeasure
substance
Options
elements of decision making
decision environment
The sum of all factors that affect the emergence, existence and development of decision-making
decision alternatives
A single option is called "Hobson's choice", and the alternatives should be differentiated
Decision goal
decision maker
Core position 1 The most positive and active factor
Decision consequences
Basic characteristics of decision-making
Targeted
Aiming at certain problems with a targeted approach
Purpose
No purpose, unable to make decisions
Implementability
Decisions are made for implementation, actions are the execution of decisions
Selectivity
No choice, no decision
Optimization
Under the same conditions, leadership strives to achieve set goals at the lowest cost and with the best results.
Empirical decision-making (the oldest form of decision-making)
Features
Personal decision-making & qualitative decision-making
limitation
Limited personal experience, easy to make decisions blindly
Highly subjective and arbitrary, lacking continuity and standardization
modern scientific decision-making
concept
Decision-making activities that follow scientific principles and procedures and rely on scientific methods and techniques
Features
Establish a scientific decision-making system and make joint decisions
Based on scientific analysis and extensive use of scientific techniques and methods
Classification of decisions
According to the decision-maker’s position in the organization
High policy decision-making
Strategic decision-making (overall, major issues)
Optimal decision making (difficult to achieve)
Programmed decision-making/routine decision-making (solve old problems that occur repeatedly and follow rules)
Deterministic decision-making (each option has only one certain outcome)
mid-level decision-making
Tactical decisions (solve specific problems)
Satisfactory decision-making (Simon proposed bounded rationality)
Non-programmed decision-making/unroutine decision-making (solve unexpected and unexpected new problems)
Uncertain decision-making (the plan has multiple outcomes, and the probability of each outcome is unknown)
Grassroots decision-making
Tactical decisions (solve specific problems)
Satisfactory decision-making (Simon proposed bounded rationality)
Non-programmed decision-making/unroutine decision-making (solve unexpected and unexpected new problems)
Risk-based decision-making (the plan has multiple outcomes, and the probability of each outcome is unknown)
Classification
optimal decision
Decision makers pursue the optimal goal under rational conditions and choose the optimal plan to make decisions.
programmed decision-making
Routine decisions that occur repeatedly in action
Satisfactory decision
A decision-maker pursuing a satisfactory result based on realistic conditions
deterministic decision making
Each option provided to the decision-maker has only one certain outcome, and this structure can be accurately known in advance.
Uncertain decision-making
Different options provided to decision makers may result in several different outcomes, and the probability of each outcome occurring is unknown.
risky decisions
Each option presented to the decision maker may have several different outcomes, but the probabilities of each outcome are known
unprogrammed decision making
Decisions made by decision makers on new problems that occur by chance or for the first time
decision-making patterns
model of rational decision-making
Simon, the founder of modern decision-making theory, proposed the bounded rational decision-making model
Emphasis on following scientific procedures and using modern scientific means, methods and technologies to make decisions
incremental decision-making model
Lindblom proposed
Attention was paid to the continuity, stability and reality of the decision-making process
Comprehensive decision-making model
Aizeoni proposed
A more flexible working model that can better adapt to the needs of actual situations
The place of decision-making in leadership work (short answer)
Decision-making has an important status and role and is the primary basic function of a leader
Decision-making is an activity that occurs throughout the leadership process
Decision-making is the basis for leaders to perform various functions
The correctness of decision-making is related to the success or failure of leadership career
The level of decision-making is an important indicator of leadership level
Principles, procedures and methods of scientific decision-making
principles of scientific decision-making
Scientific decision-making is a decision-making activity carried out by decision-makers following scientific principles and procedures and relying on scientific methods and technologies.
Standards for scientific decision-making
Have standard decision-making goals
The execution results of decisions can achieve the determined goals
Achieving decision goals requires less effort
The side effects after the decision is executed are relatively small
in principle
Objective (primary)
information
predict
program
feasible
Select the best
external brain
Principles of scientific prediction
principle of continuity
reliability principle
principle of causation
similarity principle
Important features of modern decision-making
The external brain refers to the expert think tank, thus achieving the separation of "planning" and "decision"
scientific decision-making process
Clarify the problem and establish goals
Starting point for decision-making activities
Brainstorm and formulate plans
Alternatives are complete and exclusive Two steps: outline conception and detailed design
Analyze and evaluate options
Key steps in the decision-making process
Implementation plan, feedback and correction
The last link
Track decisions
A decision-making process in which the original decision-making goals or plans are fundamentally modified when subjective conditions change significantly, the original decision-making has major errors, and the decision-making goals cannot be achieved.
Unlike general decision modifications
General decision modification only partially supplements or corrects a certain part of the decision plan.
Characteristics of Tracking Decisions
Backtracking analysis; non-zero starting point; double optimization; psychological effect
scientific decision-making methods
Delphi method/expert prediction method
Feedback anonymous correspondence method. Anonymous correspondence and repeated solicitation of opinions
Comparison with other expert prediction methods: anonymity, multiple rounds of feedback, and uniformity of final conclusions
Brainstorming method/Expert meeting decision-making/Intellectual stimulation method
Principles: Speak freely, emphasize quantity, prohibit comments, learn from each other
The decision-making method that best stimulates participants’ creative thinking
decision tree method
Is the basic method of risk decision-making
experimental decision making
A method used to address emerging and important problems when there is no experience, the inability to accurately evaluate the alternatives, and the inability to make the optimal decision on the options.
leaders in decision-making
modern decision-making system
The decision-making central system (referred to as the decision-making system) is the core, with the decision-making information system at the periphery, and the decision-making think tank system and bureau. The organizational structure form between the two
Decision-making central system (referred to as decision-making system)
It is composed of leadership groups and individuals with decision-making power. It is the core of the modern decision-making system and is in a dominant position.
Decision-making think tank system
Modern think tank systems have three major characteristics: collectiveness, scientificity, and relative independence.
How to judge whether scientific decision-making or empirical decision-making
An important indicator to judge whether scientific decision-making or empirical decision-making is whether the modern think tank system is sufficient
decision information system
basis for decision-making
Leader's choice
How leaders make decisions
collective decision
personal choice
Basic requirements for leaders to make decisions
Timeliness
Systematic
democratic
legality
flexibility
Leaders and Think Tanks
The think tank is the main person responsible for the design and demonstration of decision-making plans.
Leaders play a good role as think tanks
Make scientific predictions for decision-making problems
Design the decision-making plan in detail and analyze and demonstrate it in detail
Consulting with relevant parties on decision-making issues
Provide feedback and analysis on the implementation of decisions
Leaders’ Crisis Decisions
Crisis decision-making is also called unconventional decision-making
The primary goal of crisis decision-making is to control the expansion of the crisis
Crisis decision-making requirements
Quick and decisive
Efficient and accurate
non-procedural
Leaders must do this in the face of crisis
Be proactive and calm
Be quick and decisive, coordinate and cooperate
Be creative and flexible