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social psychology mind map
This is a mind map about social psychology, including the emergence and development of social psychology, what social psychology studies, how to study social psychology, etc.
Edited at 2023-11-07 20:31:46- cáncer de pulmón
El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
- diabetes
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
- sistema digestivo
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
social psychology mind map
- cáncer de pulmón
El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
- diabetes
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
- sistema digestivo
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
- Recommended to you
- Outline
Chapter 1 Tracing the Origin, Objects and Methods of Social Psychology
Section 1 The emergence and development of social psychology
Holland's Three Periods
1. Enlightenment of the speculative period (early accumulation stage of social psychological thoughts) - gestation period
Time: Ancient Greece ~ first half of the 19th century
Features: Understand social behavior based on philosophical speculation and social norms
Significant event: The first person to raise social psychological issues and propositions was the ancient Greek Plato-Human Soul
Pure reason-the idea that enters the body or the recollection of an idea
Irrational - vigorous will and insatiable desire
2. Experience description period (social psychology gestation or forming stage)-formation period
Time: Mid-19th century to early 20th century <Mainly in Europe (England, France, Germany)>
Features: Objective description and analysis of human psychological activities and behaviors based on observation
Flag event: In 1908, the British psychologist Mai Dugu wrote "Introduction to Social Psychology" American psychologist Ross's "Social Psychology" both marked the emergence of social psychology as an independent discipline. (Main in Europe: Britain, France and Germany)
Mai Dugu: An instinct theorist - human behavior is determined by instinct, which is the basis of many theories based on evolution.
Ross (a master of sociologists in studying crowd psychology): Study of the psychological aspects (static psychology) and psychological flow (dynamic psychology) produced by the human combined ear Pay attention to interpersonal processes and understand the role of (social influence) on human behavior
3. Experimental period (maturity and independent development stage of social psychology)-establishment period
Time: 1920s-1980s
Features: The center shifts from Europe to the United States
From description to empirical research
Shift from qualitative to quantitative research
From pure theoretical research to applied research
From universalism to particularism
Flag event:
In the early 20th century, after the First World War, the United States experienced rapid economic development without being damaged. On the other hand, it was accompanied by economic crises and social problems such as massive unemployment and strikes, which provided new opportunities for social psychology to conduct research on issues. Motivation, behaviorism and Gestalt theory once emerged, and experimental methods were used to establish (innovation)
several pioneers
Triplett
Showed for the first time that social phenomena can be studied experimentally
Mode
A German who first published the pamphlet "Experimental Group Psychology" in Leipzig in 1920, proposing the experimental method of controlling variables to study groups.
allport
Published the textbook "Social Psychology" in 1924, which is regarded as the beginning of modern social psychology.
Two Murphys
In 1931, he published Experimental Social Psychology, which greatly promoted social psychology in a more scientific direction.
4. Expansion period (continuous development stage of social psychology)
Time: After the 1980s
Features:
Cognitive social psychology emphasizes the role of cognitive activities or cognitive processes in social psychology and behavior
Evolution Social psychology applies the principles of evolution and natural selection to understanding human behavior and social development.
Section 2 What does social psychology study?
1. Disagreements and Controversies
Both advocate the study of psychological universals in social life and interpersonal interactions in groups.
It is unanimously advocated to study how individuals produce various psychology and behaviors under the influence of social situations or factors.
Study of social interactions that avoids individuals or groups, psychology, or behavior
2. Research objects and subject nature
It studies the social psychological phenomena of people (including individuals and groups) in their interaction with society and their subordinate social behaviors.
(1) Social psychology and social behavior
Humans are social animals
Social behavior: behavior caused by social factors and affecting social life
Social psychology: psychological activities caused by social factors that directly or indirectly reflect social things and social relations, guide social behavior, and have an impact on society.
relation:
1. Social behavior is explicit and exists objectively, while social psychology is implicit and exists subjectively.
2. Sometimes there are active social psychological activities, but there is often no social behavior or no immediate social behavior. However, some similar social behaviors often have multiple psychological reasons, and may be disguised as real social psychology.
3. Social behavior is the main research object of behavioral science, and social psychology is the main research object of social psychology.
(2) Individual psychology and group psychology
(3) Social interaction and communication
Social interaction refers to the phenomenon in which people and society (including social members, groups and social things) are interconnected, influence each other and restrict each other.
Communication refers to the interpersonal contact between people, as well as the interpersonal relationships formed or potential among them (narrower than social interaction)
3. The relationship between social psychology and neighboring disciplines
(1) Relationship with sociology
Sociology is the discipline that studies the structure of society, its internal relationships and the laws of social development.
common ground
1. The research is all about social phenomena
2. Social psychology always looks for topics from social problems.
difference
1. Macro: Research content and objects are different
1. Micro: Sociology studies all objective facts in social life, while social psychology studies only some of the facts and their subjective manifestations in social life.
2. Research perspectives and methods have different emphases: sociology focuses on the understanding and analysis of macro-social and large group activity trends, and attaches great importance to the application of social surveys and document analysis methods; social psychology focuses on experimental methods to explore micro-level phenomena
(2) Relationship with psychology
part and whole
the difference
(1) General psychology mainly studies the basic forms, processes and regularities of psychological activities of individuals (including animals). Social psychology studies the unique psychological phenomena produced by individuals in their interactions and the common psychology produced in groups. Phenomenon and its impact on individual psychology
2. General psychology explores the relationship between psychological and physiological activity patterns, and social psychology studies how social psychology is restricted by interpersonal relationships and group environment, as well as its reaction to social life.
3. General psychology uses observation and laboratory experiment methods, social psychology uses field experiments and simulation experiments, and also uses archival research, questionnaire surveys and on-site research.
Section 3 How to Study Social Psychology
1. Methodological principles of social psychology research
(1) Objective principle
The principle of seeking truth from facts: revealing the inner true face (essence, structure, connections and laws, etc.) of things according to their actual performance (i.e. objective indicators) without adding any subjective assumptions or distortions
(2) Principle of unification of macro and micro
(3) Principles of communication
(4) Humanity principles (ethical principles)
2. Several main specific methods
1. Experimental method
1. Laboratory experiments and field experiments
2. The experimental method closely related to social psychology is mainly the field experiment method.
2. Non-experimental method
Most of them are correlation research, also called correlation method, which is a research method to determine whether there is a correlation between two or more phenomena (or variables) in changes and how much correlation there is.
1. Archival research
A method to collect a large amount of existing data for a certain purpose and find out the relationship between certain phenomena (social facts and social psychology) through analysis, such as Weizmann's study of the causes of gender role socialization
advantage
1. No subject bias, undetected, non-reactive method
2. Make it possible to conduct one kind of understanding research over a long period of time
3. It helps in testing certain hypotheses
weakness
1. It is difficult to obtain sufficient materials to test the hypothesis
2. Heavy workload, time-consuming and costly
3. High requirements for material analysts, which depend on the analyst’s sampling methods and ability to abstract, generalize and discover.
4. It can only indicate whether there is a correlation but not whether it is cause and effect.
field research
Simulation study
The earliest psychological work: Aristotle's "On the Soul"