conservation organization
Coated on the surface of various plant organs
Classification
epidermis
Belongs to the newborn protection organization
One layer of living cells, no chloroplasts, but white bodies
type
specialized cells
stomata
Two specialized half-moon-shaped cells form pores on the epidermis of dicot leaves
Air hole shaft type
Flat shaft type
2 accessory guard cells, long axis ∥ larger than guard cell long axis
Straight shaft type
2 accessory guard cells, long axis ⊥ guard cell long axis
inequality
3 to 4 accessory satellite cells, varying in size, 1 extra small
infinitive
The number is variable, basically the same
ring type
Indefinite number, surrounding in a ring
furry
Important basis for identification of traditional Chinese medicines
glandular hairs
Adenosquama: The head is oblate and spherical, with 8 or 6 to 7 cells arranged on the same plane.
Interstitial glandular trichomes: found in the intercellular spaces within parenchyma tissue
Zhoupi
secondary protection organization
Dicotyledonous plant roots and stems undergo secondary growth to form
composition
inner layer of plug
Cells become suberized and become dead cells
cork cambium
secondary growth of cells in the epidermis, cortex, pericycle, or phloem
cork layer
Contains chloroplasts, also called green cortex
lenticels
Woody plant epidermal protrusions
mechanical organization
type
chlamydia
Primary wall with uneven thickening
Living cells, containing chloroplasts, capable of meristemization
Classification
True (corner) pachycornis
Thickened at the four corners
Plate-like (sheet-like) chlenchyma tissue
Tangential wall thickening, planar thickening
lacunar chlenchyma
Having intercellular spaces and thickening of intercellular spaces
sclerenchyma
Important supporting tissue in plants
With uniformly thickened secondary walls across the board
Protoplasts that have no life after maturity are dead cells
Classified according to form
fiber
Long cells, thickened with cellulose and lignin
Division of occurrence locations in plants
wood fiber
Angiosperm xylem, with lignified secondary walls
xylem outer fibers
(bast fiber)
stone cells
The shape of stone cells varies greatly and is an important basis for identification of traditional Chinese medicines.
secretory tissue
Classification based on the location of secretory cells expelling secretions
external secretory tissue
Distributed on the surface of the plant body, secretions are excreted from the body
internal secretory tissue
Distributed in plants, secretions also accumulate in the body
Differentiated according to different morphological structures and secretions
secretory chamber
Divided according to formation process and structure
lytic secretory cavity
The secretory cells themselves rupture and dissolve, forming a chamber containing secretions in the body
Cells around the chamber are often fragmented and incomplete
split secretory cavity
Secretory cells separate from each other and the intercellular spaces gradually expand
Secretory cells are not destroyed and completely surround the chamber
secretory tract
According to different storage secretions
mucous duct or mucous duct
milk ducts
Classification based on development and structure
Living cells, found in the cytoplasm
conducting tissue
Tissue that transports water and various nutrients in plants
ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms
Classified according to transported substances
xylem
catheter
The main water transport tissue of angiosperms
A series of long tubular or cylindrical duct-shaped molecules connected to a tubular structure
Different textures depending on thickening
Tracheid
Water-transporting tissues of most ferns and gymnosperms
Phloem
Sieve cells
Transport photosynthesis in ferns and gymnosperms
There are no specialized sieve plates, only sieve domains present on the side walls
Sieve tube
Phloem of angiosperms and
Each tubular cell is called a sieve tube molecule
Features
Living cells, the nucleus disappears after maturity
The cell wall is the primary wall, made of cellulose
There are small holes (sieve holes) on the cross walls (sieve plates) of the sieve tube molecules
parenchyma
(basic organization)
A differentiated and mature organization
(Both are living cells)
meristem
A group of cells capable of continuous or periodic meristemogenesis
The cells have strong metabolic functions and strong meristem ability.
Nature, source
primitive meristem
The embryo (growing point) derived from the seed
primary meristem
Protoepidermal layer (epidermis)
Procambium (vascular column)
secondary meristem
Mature epidermis, cortex, myeloid rays, pericycle
The location inside the plant
apical meristem
including primary growth tissue
The growth cone at the top of a root or stem
Maintain strong meristematic ability for a long time
lateral meristem
= secondary growth tissue
Mature tissues - roots and stems of gymnosperms and dicots
Restore differentiation ability
intermediary meristem
The base of the internodes of the stem of a grass plant
The abilities that are still undifferentiated are retained at the top
Identification of bark medicinal materials (bark)
Periderm Phloem (outside cambium)
two guard cells pore = stomata (stomatal apparatus)
Guard cells are surrounded by one or more accessory cells
Identify patchouli stems, leaves, petioles and rhizomes of Patchouli
Vascular bundles and their types
concept
The conduction system of microtubular plants such as ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms
type
finite external tough vascular bundle
Outside phloem, inside xylem, no cambium
Infinite external tough vascular bundle
Outside the phloem and inside the xylem, there is the cambium
Double tough vascular bundle
There are phloem on both sides of the xylem, and there is a cambium layer between the phloem and the outer phloem.
Peripheral ductile vascular bundle
Xylem in the middle, phloem surrounding the xylem
circumferential vascular bundle
Phloem is in the middle and xylem surrounds the phloem
radial vascular bundle
Phloem and xylem are radially spaced apart from each other and form a circle
The concentrated area of sieve holes is the sieve area, which is divided into single sieve area and multiple sieve area.
Conduit molecules connect through perforated plates to form conduits
The secondary wall becomes lignified and thickens as cells mature
mature into dead cells
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