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Mycoplasma pneumonia
·Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M.Pneumonia) is the causative agent of human mycoplasma pneumonia. The pathological changes of mycoplasma pneumonia are mainly interstitial pneumonia, sometimes complicated by bronchopneumonia, which is called primary atypical pneumonia. · Mainly transmitted through droplets, with an incubation period of 2 to 3 weeks. The incidence rate is highest among teenagers. The clinical symptoms are mild or even asymptomatic at all. If there are any, they are just general respiratory symptoms such as headache, sore throat, fever, cough, etc. However, there are also individual reports of death. It can occur at any time of the year, but mostly in autumn and winter. · I hope everyone will pay more attention to your health at home, wear a mask at work and work, and seek medical treatment in time if you have corresponding symptoms. ·Drawing is not easy, I hope you enjoy it.
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Mycoplasma pneumonia
- bacteria
This is a mind map about bacteria, and its main contents include: overview, morphology, types, structure, reproduction, distribution, application, and expansion. The summary is comprehensive and meticulous, suitable as review materials.
- Plant asexual reproduction
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- Reproductive development of animals
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Mycoplasma pneumonia
Overview
·Acute lung inflammation caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae ·Mainly manifested by dry cough and fever ·Can be spread through droplets and direct contact ·Most patients have a good prognosis, and some may develop severe pneumonia.
What is mycoplasma pneumonia?
Mycoplasma pneumonia, also known as mycoplasmal pneumonia (mycoplasmal pneumonia) It is a lower respiratory tract infection caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which mainly manifests as cough and fever. It easily occurs in crowded environments and can be spread through droplets and direct contact.
What is the incidence of mycoplasma pneumonia in the population?
Most patients with mycoplasma pneumonia are children and young people, but children under 3 years old are less likely to be affected. Mycoplasma pneumonia has the characteristics of regional epidemics and often breaks out in relatively closed and densely populated small-scale environments. A 2015 study showed that among hospitalized children with pneumonia, patients with mycoplasma pneumonia accounted for approximately 10% to 40%.
way for spreading
It can be spread through droplets and direct contact. (Wear a mask😷)
Cause
It is a lower respiratory tract infection caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and is contagious. It can be spread through droplets and direct contact. Smoking, infants and young children, and low immunity are high-risk factors for the disease.
What are the causes of mycoplasma pneumonia?
Mainly caused by infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Healthy people inhale the patient's cough, Mycoplasma pneumoniae is infected with secretions sprayed out when sneezing, causing inflammation of the respiratory tract and lungs.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae usually exists in the respiratory mucosa, and by adhering and releasing toxic substances, Causes damage to the respiratory tract and lungs, and further induces the body’s immune response, Severe cases can cause damage to multiple organs throughout the body such as the skin, heart, blood system, nervous system, digestive system, etc. The degree of damage caused is related to the amount of mycoplasma infected.
What are the triggering factors for mycoplasma pneumonia?
People with malnutrition and low immune function are prone to the disease;
Patients recovering from respiratory diseases are prone to the disease;
Poor air flow and intensive personnel contact can lead to an increase in the incidence rate.
symptom
Patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae have a slow onset of symptoms, usually 1 to 3 weeks after infection. Symptoms may be mild, including fatigue, body aches, and severe symptoms, including fever, persistent dry cough, and chest pain. A few cases may be accompanied by symptoms such as rash and swollen lymph nodes.
What are the typical symptoms of mycoplasma pneumonia?
Symptoms usually begin 1 to 3 weeks after exposure to M. pneumoniae and slowly worsen over 2 to 4 days.
Fatigue and myalgia: Patients may have symptoms such as fatigue and generalized myalgia in the early stage, which may resolve spontaneously after 2 to 3 days.
Fever: Generally moderate fever, which can last for 2 to 3 weeks. Children and the weak may develop high fever.
Cough: Mostly persistent and severe dry cough, which may be accompanied by thick phlegm.
Headache, sore throat, chest pain, etc.
What are the possible symptoms associated with mycoplasma pneumonia?
Some patients may experience pain in the nasopharynx and ears, as well as shortness of breath and difficulty breathing.
Some patients may be accompanied by congestion of the pharynx and periosteum, and swollen lymph nodes in the neck.
Maculopapular rash or erythema multiforme may occur in 10% to 20% of patients.
Some children may be accompanied by rash, vascular embolism, hemolytic anemia, meningitis, myocarditis, etc.
Seek medical advice
When patients develop persistent dry cough, fever, fatigue, chest pain and other symptoms, they should go to the hospital in time. Especially children under 2 years old, people with underlying health conditions or immunocompromised people, People who are receiving chemotherapy or taking drugs that suppress the immune system, as well as people with heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, should seek medical advice as soon as possible.
Which department should I go to for treatment for mycoplasma pneumonia?
Generally, patients are treated in the Department of Respiratory Medicine, Pediatrics, and Fever Clinic. When corresponding complications occur, You should go to the corresponding specialist for treatment, such as the hematology department when accompanied by hemolytic anemia. Patients with myocarditis and nephritis should consult the Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, and patients with meningitis should consult the Department of Neurology.
What are the relevant tests for mycoplasma pneumonia?
Doctor examination
Check basic physical signs such as body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate. Auscultate the lungs for breath sounds and rales. Feel your neck and behind your ears to check for swollen lymph nodes.
laboratory tests
Blood routine
Patients with mycoplasma infection may have a normal or slightly elevated total number of white blood cells, mainly elevated neutrophils.
Cold agglutination test and complement fixation test
Two weeks after the onset of illness, about 2/3 of patients with mycoplasma pneumonia have a positive cold agglutination test. If the serum mycoplasma IgM antibody concentration is ≥1:64, or the antibody concentration during the recovery period increases by 4 times, further diagnosis can be made. Due to the lag in antibody testing, a single positive antibody cannot be used as the basis for diagnosis.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae culture
It is the gold standard for the diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumonia and directly detects mycoplasma antigens in the respiratory tract. It can be used for early and rapid diagnosis, but its detection rate is extremely low, technical requirements are high, and it takes a long time.
Nucleic acid diagnosis
Nucleic acid detection technology is highly specific, rapid and sensitive and can be used for early diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Nucleic acid examination is currently a rapid diagnostic method that can be used to confirm the diagnosis of mycoplasma infection. Rapid testing can be done by collecting nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum and other secretions.
Film degree exam
Lung imaging can be used to assist diagnosis and prognosis observation. Its main imaging manifestations are blurred edges and low-density patchy shadows. Some of them show reticular and nodular interstitial infiltrates, which are distributed in multiple segments. The inflammation is mostly absorbed after 2 to 3 weeks.
What diseases should be distinguished from mycoplasma pneumonia?
This disease is related to viral pneumonia, tuberculosis, Legionella pneumonia, Chlamydial pneumonia, Diseases such as eosinophilic pneumonia are easily confused and need to be differentiated.
viral pneumonia
It is an inflammation of the lungs caused by influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, etc., and is spread through the respiratory tract. The onset is acute and manifests as fever, headache, body aches, fatigue and other symptoms. A positive respiratory virus test can provide identification clues.
tuberculosis
It is a lung disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and spreads through the respiratory tract. It often occurs in areas with poor living conditions and poor living conditions. Symptoms include low-grade fever in the afternoon, night sweats, fatigue, weight loss, and cough. Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be identified by sputum acid-fast bacilli smear, mycobacterial culture, and nucleic acid detection.
Legionella pneumonia
It is an inflammation of the lungs caused by Legionella infection and is common in patients who smoke or have weakened immune systems. The disease is often spread through water sources and often has a sudden onset, manifesting as cough, high fever, myalgia, and a relatively slow pulse. It may also be accompanied by symptoms such as nausea, diarrhea, and confusion. It can be identified from the presence of Legionella in urine, sputum or alveolar lavage fluid and a positive Legionella antigen test.
chlamydial pneumonia
It is an acute lung inflammation caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. It often manifests as fever, chills, dry cough, myalgia, and may also be accompanied by chest pain, headache, sore throat and other symptoms. The examination found that the patient's serum chlamydial pneumonia antibody was positive or the nucleic acid test was positive, which can be identified.
eosinophilic pneumonia
The cause is unknown and manifests as pulmonary eosinophilic infiltration with or without peripheral blood eosinophilia. Patients may have chronic onset, dyspnea, cough, fever, weight loss, wheezing and other symptoms. Anti-infective therapy is ineffective, but hormonal therapy is effective.
treat
The disease is self-limiting, and most patients with mild symptoms will recover without treatment. Early use of antibiotics can reduce symptoms, To shorten the course of the disease, commonly used antibacterial drugs include macrolides such as roxithromycin and azithromycin. Quinolones such as levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, tetracyclines such as doxycycline, minocycline, etc.
What drugs are available to treat mycoplasma pneumonia?
Due to large individual differences, there is no absolute best, fastest or most effective medication. In addition to commonly used over-the-counter drugs, the most appropriate drug should be selected based on the individual situation under the guidance of a doctor.
antibiotic
Early use of antibiotics can reduce symptoms and shorten the course of the disease. Macrolides, tetracyclines, and quinolones antibiotics can all be used. However, it should be noted that tetracycline antibiotics should not be used in pediatric patients <8 years old, and quinolone antibiotics should not be used in juvenile patients <18 years old. For patients with mixed other bacterial or viral infections, medication selection should be based on community-acquired pneumonia guidelines.
Glucocorticoids
Patients with common mycoplasma pneumonia do not need to use glucocorticoids. For patients with rapid onset, Or for patients with refractory mycoplasma pneumonia, glucocorticoid treatment may be considered. The commonly used drug is methylprednisolone.
gamma globulin
It is not routinely recommended for the treatment of common mycoplasma pneumonia, but if combined with neurological disease, Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenic purpura and other diseases can be treated with gamma globulin as an auxiliary treatment.
What are the surgical treatments for mycoplasma pneumonia?
The disease generally does not require surgical treatment.
How to treat mycoplasma pneumonia with traditional Chinese medicine?
There is currently no evidence-based medical evidence to support the TCM treatment of this disease. However, some traditional Chinese medicine treatments or medicines can relieve symptoms. It is recommended to go to a regular medical institution and receive treatment under the guidance of a physician.
What other treatments are available for mycoplasma pneumonia?
Flexible bronchoscopy: Flexible bronchoscopy can locally flush the respiratory tract, combined with foreign body forceps and other equipment, Clear respiratory secretions. Patients with mycoplasma pneumonia often have respiratory mucus obstruction, and a few patients may suffer from inflammation Causes bronchial stenosis, timely relief of respiratory obstruction symptoms is of great significance to reduce fever and reduce complications. Early flexible bronchoscopy is effective in treating refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.