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Histology and Embryology
Histology is the science that studies the microstructure of the body and its related functions. The research content includes cells, tissues, organs, and systems. I hope this brain map will be helpful to you.
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Histology and Embryology
- bacteria
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Histology and Embryology
Introduction to Histology
1. Research content of histology and its status in medicine
Histology definition: the science that studies the microstructure of the body and its related functions
research content
cell
Tissue: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, nervous tissue
Organs: Cavity organs, solid organs
System: (9) Locomotor system, digestive system, respiratory system. . .
Significance
Histology and Anatomy: Gross and Microscopic
Histology and Physiology: Structure and Function
Histology and pathology: normal and abnormal (eg: lobules of normal liver and pseudolobules of cirrhosis)
Histology is closely related to clinical practice: pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, etc.
Histology is closely related to basic research in medicine
2. Histological research methods
General optical microscopy technology LM (light microscopy resolution is about 0.2 microns)
slice method
Paraffin sectioning method (slow, long storage time)
Draw materials
fixed
dehydration
embedding
slice
dyeing
Hematoxylin-eosin staining (most commonly used) [all nuclei are blue, the lighter the color, the more active the function]
Basophilic: purple-blue color
Eosinophilic: pinkish
Silver staining
Argyrophilia
Argyrophilic
Metachromatism: For example, mast cell granules are purple-red after toluene staining.
In vivo staining
Swiss Giemsa dyeing
Cover slide
Frozen section method (fast, shorter storage time)
Collodion slice method
non-slicing method
Smear method: blood and fluid samples such as cerebral fluid
Spreading method: Loose connective tissue and soft tissues such as mesentery
Grinding method: hard tissues such as bones and teeth
Several special optical microscopes
Fluorescence microscope
Inverted microscope
phase contrast microscope
Laser scanning confocal microscopy
Electron Microscopy EM
Transmission electron microscope (0.1 nm, internal plane): electron beam as light source, magnetic field as magnification system, ultra-thin sectioning, heavy metal staining
High electron density: black or dark gray
Low electron density: bright or light gray
Scanning electron microscope (about 5 microns, surface three-dimensional)
Histochemistry and Cytochemistry
General histochemical techniques: carbohydrates, enzymes, lipids, nucleic acids
Immunohistochemistry and immunocytochemistry techniques
in situ hybridization
Autoradiography technology: distribution, relative content, metabolic outcome of examined tissues
Quantitative Techniques for Tissue and Cell Chemistry:
spectrophotometry
Flow Cytometry
Microscopic image analysis system
In vitro culture technology
Tissue culture
cell culture
Tissue chip technology
3. Learning methods of histology
Combining form and function
Combination of plane and three-dimensional
Occurrence, Development and Evolutionary Perspectives
Combination of commonalities and characteristics