viroid (RNA)

satellite virus, satellite nucleic acid (RNA)

Prions (proteins)

Rod-shaped or filament-shaped (more common in plant viruses)

Polyhedron or sphere (more common in animal viruses and fungal viruses)

Tadpole shape (more common in bacteriophages)

Unit of measurement:nm

The size of virus particles is about 10~400nm

nucleocapsid

nucleocapsid

envelope

Infection of host bacteria causes bacterial cell rupture and death

process

Plaque: Bacteriophages continuously and repeatedly infect and lyse host bacterial cells, resulting in transparent plaques visible to the naked eye on the bacterial lawn.

Definition: Infection of host bacteria generally does not result in bacterial rupture and death, and most cells grow normally

Example: Lambda phage infecting E.coli

process

Inclusion body: a structure formed by the accumulation of virus particles in the cytoplasm or nucleus of a host cell

Inclusion bodies in the nucleus of insect cells - Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV)

Inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm of insect cells—Plasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV)

Inclusion bodies in the nucleus or cytoplasm of insect cells - particulate viruses

non-inclusion body virus

Leaf color is mottled and withered

Leaves yellow-green, yellow, red

Deformities: rolled leaves, shrunken leaves, shrinking, clustering, dwarfing, etc.

Anti-insect biopesticides

Insecticidal properties: high specificity, strong diffusibility, high toxicity, long-lasting effects, no environmental pollution, and safe for humans and animals