MindMap Gallery Environmental Science Atmospheric Environment Mind Map
Environmental Science Atmospheric Environment Mind Map, which summarizes the composition of the atmosphere, levels of the atmosphere, The meaning of atmosphere, air pollution, etc.
Edited at 2024-01-15 15:51:58Microbiologie médicale, infections bactériennes et immunité résume et organise les points de connaissances pour aider les apprenants à comprendre et à se souvenir. Étudiez plus efficacement !
Medical Microbiology Bacterial Infection and Immunity summarizes and organizes knowledge points to help learners understand and remember. Study more efficiently!
The kinetic theory of gases reveals the microscopic nature of macroscopic thermal phenomena and laws of gases by finding the relationship between macroscopic quantities and microscopic quantities. From the perspective of molecular motion, statistical methods are used to study the macroscopic properties and change patterns of thermal motion of gas molecules.
Microbiologie médicale, infections bactériennes et immunité résume et organise les points de connaissances pour aider les apprenants à comprendre et à se souvenir. Étudiez plus efficacement !
Medical Microbiology Bacterial Infection and Immunity summarizes and organizes knowledge points to help learners understand and remember. Study more efficiently!
The kinetic theory of gases reveals the microscopic nature of macroscopic thermal phenomena and laws of gases by finding the relationship between macroscopic quantities and microscopic quantities. From the perspective of molecular motion, statistical methods are used to study the macroscopic properties and change patterns of thermal motion of gas molecules.
Atmospheric environment.2
the composition of the atmosphere
definition of atmosphere
extend from the ocean ,land ,and ice-covered surface of a planet outward into space
gas
aerosol
microscopic suspended particles of dust, smoke, chemicals and droplets
gas and aerosol(microscopic particles)
gas
component
nitrogen
oxygen
water vapor
is responsible for the clouds and precipitation
others
property
permanent gases
from a constant proportion of the atmosphere
have long residence times
component
nitrogen
oxygen
argon
neon
helium
krypton
xenon
hydrogen
variable gases
variable gases vary in atmospheric concentration in both time and space
component
water vapor
carbon dioxide
ozone
characteristics of atmosphere
air density
increases towards the ground as the gravitational attraction of the planet pulls the gases and aerosols inward
air pressure
the air has weight and it presses against everything it touches
which is called air pressure
air molecules have weight and take up place
air pressure is caused by the weight of all the air molecules in the atmosphere pressure down on the earth
subtopic
the layers of the atmosphere
troposphere troposphere
factors
humans live in the troposphere
nearly all weather occurs in this layer
most clouds appear here
mainly because 99% of the water vapor in the atmosphere is found in this layer
characteristics
lots of human activities take place within this region
air pressure drops with increasing altitude
temperature drops with increasing altitude
most active layer with strong turbulence
thin layer with high density
account for 75% of the mass of the atmosphere
air pollution mostly happens in this layer
stratospherestratosphere
factors
little convection and mixing happen in the stratosphere
the air here is quite stable
commercial jet aircraft fly in the lower stratosphere to avoid the turbuance
characteristics
temperature increases with increasing altitude
ozone layer exists in the stratosphere
about 20-30 kilometers above the earth surface) with the thickness of about 3 to 5 mm
is abundant in the stratosphere
ozone heats this layer as it absorbs energy from ultraviolet radiation from the sun
mesosphere middle layer
characteristics
lower temperature with higher altitude which results in convection
thermosphere/lonosphere thermosphere/ionosphere
factors
thickest layer in the atmosphere
sun radiation causes particles to be electrically charged
exosphere
universe-like
the significance of the atmosphere
indispensable for life of Earth
reasons
all living need some of the gases for life support
without the atmosphere,Earth would likely be the moon
how does the atmosphere make life possible
atmospheric gases,especially carbon dioxide and oxygen are extremely important for living organisms
photosynthesis
crucial for the water cycle
water is constantly cycled through the atmosphere, water body and land
this process is driven by energy from the sun
ozone layer makes life possible
ultraviolet is harmful that can cause deadly disorders like skin cancer, etc.
the ozone layer protects life on earth from strong UV radiation from the sun
oderates the earth's temperature
along with the oceans
the atmosphere keeps earth's temperature within an acceptable range
greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere so they help to moderate global temperatures
atmospheric pollution
definition
is the introduction possibly causing disease or death to humans ad other organisms or damage to the environment
consists of chemicals,particulates,biological materials or other harmful materials in to the Earth's atmosphere
sources
artificial sources
mobile sources
automobile
stationary sources
industrial facilities and factories
emitting large amounts of pollutants from a single location
area sources
made up of lots of smaller pollution sources
agricultural and cities area
natural sources
naturally occur in our environment
significant but do not create ongoing air pollution problems like other source types
types
consistence
primary pollutant
emitted directly from the sources
secondary pollutants
reaction products of different primary pollutants or primary pollutants with other atmosphere composition
more harmful than the primary pollutants
states of polltants
aerosol pollutants
pollutants of solid or liquid particles that are suspended in the air
perceived as
smoke
fog
smog
PM particle matter
tiny solid particles or liquid droplets that float in the air
gaseous pollutants
consitution
gaseous hydrocarbons
gaseous oxides
oxides of nitrogen
source of nitric oxide
fuel is burnt in air with a hot flame
with high temperature
sources of nitrogen
depending upon the concentration of the pollutant gases
components of sulfur as pollutants
oxide of sulpher
burning of sulpher containing fossil fuels
hydrogen sulfide
produced by organic matter decaying,by sewage and by cetain industrial process
carbon oxide
carbon monoxide
properties
poisonous
colourless
odourless
source
incomplete conbusion of carbon-containing fuels
carbon dioxide
an important greenhouse gas
sources
plant and animal respiration
volcanoes
organic decay
combustion
sinks
photosynthesis
the ocean
photochemical oxidants
ozone
a major photochemical oxidants in the troposphere and responsible for the respiratory system distress and eye irritation
a beneficial and harmful variable gas
benefit
concentration in the stratasphere are relatively high
occurs natural chemical reaction
aborbs UV radiation
drawback
concentration near earth's surface is usually near 0 ,but can increase to 0.15 ppm through chemical reaction in polluted air
irritant
photochemical smog
is originally produced dur to the presence of nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbon vapor emitted by automobiles and other sources
occurs most prominently in urban areas that have large numbers of automobiles