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Kingdom Plantae

This is a mind map that contains information about the kingdom plantae. Start to use a mind map to express and organize your ideas and knowledge right now.

Edited at 2020-10-08 08:19:00

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Kingdom Plantae

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Kingdom Plantae

Origins

- Green Algae (Charophytes)

- Reasons for colonizingland

- Few predators

- Plentiful CO2

- Unfiltered sun

- Evidence

- Both have Cellulose cellwalls

- Cell plates are produced thesame way

- Plants and Charophytes have Peroxisomesthat contain the same enzyme, no otheralgae has

- Peroxizome: an organelle found in plantsthat breaks down fatty acids and produceshydrogen peroxide

- Sperm structures areclosely related

- Sporopollenin preventszygote from drying out

- Sporopollenin: a layer ofdurable polymer

- 500 MYA

- Symbiotic relation betweenfungi and first land plants

- fungi gave plants (withoutroots) nutrients

General Information of all Plants

- Alteration of Generations

- 1 generation of the plant is Diploid, thenext generation will be haploid, and thenext Diploid

- Haploid plants grow fromspores

- Diploid plants grow from azygote

- Important Terminology

- Gametophyte

- A haploid plant thatproduces gametes byMitosis

- Sporophyte

- A diploid plant thatproduces spores by Miosis

- Bryophyte

- Refers to all non vascularplants

- Ovule

- Megasporangium,megaspore, andintegument

- Embreophytes

- Land plants

- Cuticle

- The epidermes,consisting of wax andpolyester

- Gametangia

- Antheridia

- Male gametangia, wheremany sperm are produced

- Where gametes areproduced

- Archegonia

- Female gametangia where asingle egg is produced

- Four traits of all landplants

- Alternation ofGeneration

- Apical meristems

- Localized regions ofcell division

- Walled Spores producedin sporangia

- Multicellulargametangia

Importance

- Ecological

- helps the colonization ofnew land

- Seeded plants are thedominant producers

- Economical

- Fuel

- Fossil Fuels

- Decay of Carboniferousforests became coal

- Alternative Fuel

- mosses decay to peatwhich can be burned

- Food

- Most of our food comesfrom angiosperms

- 6 crops yield 80% ofcalories we consume

- Wood

- xylem tissue of seededvascular plants

- Medicine

- Secondary compoundsof seeded plants

Types

- Vascular

- Non- seeded

- Life cycle dominated bySporophytes

- Plant Structure

- Phloem

- Conducts sugars and aminoacids through the plant

- Roots

- absorbs water andnutrients from the soil.Also anchors the plant

- Leaves

- Sporophylls

- Modified leaves that bearsporangia

- Sori

- clusters of sporangia inferns

- Homosporus

- 1 type of sporangium,typically bisexual

- Heterosporus

- 2 types of sporangium

- Megasporangium

- producesMegaspores

- Develop into femalegametophytes

- Microsporangium

- ProducesMicrospores

- Develop into malegametophytes

- Strobili

- groups of sporophyllus thatform cone-like structures

- Primary Photosynthetic Organ

- Megaphylls

- highly branched vascularsystem

- Lycophytes

- Oldest lineage of presentday vascular plants

- ONLY ones to haveMicrophylls

- Leaves with a single strandof vascular tissue

- Xylem

- Conducts water andminerals through the plant

- Lignin

- Phenolic polymers thatstrengthen waterconducting cells cell walls

- Tracheids

- tube shaped cellsthat carry water

- Allowed plants to grow tallerand gain access to sunlight

- Independant Sporophytes

- Seeded

- Morphology

- Ovule

- Integument

- a layer of Sporophyte tissue thatenvelops and protects themegasporangium

- Megasporansium andmegaspore

- Pollen

- Male Gametophyte in aprotien wall

- Angiosperms

- Morphology

- Fruits are matureovaries

- Help disperse seeds of theplant

- Reproduces withthe flower

- Petals: Aid in attractingpollinators

- Carpel: female reproductivestructure

- Stigma: Receives pollen

- Ovary: contains ovules,develops into seed

- Style: Path to the ovary,connected to stigma

- Pollen tube growsthrough to allowfertilization

- Double fertization occurs whentwo sperm meets femalegamete

- Sepals: Encloses flowerbefore it opens

- Stamens: malereproductive structure

- Anther: Where pollen isproduced

- Filament: stalk of theanther

- Seed plants that produceflowers and fruits

- Groups

- Monocotyledons

- Have one cotyledon in the seed, parallelleaf veination and flowering parts inmultiples of threes

- Examples:

-orchids

-lilies

-grasses

- Dicotyledons

- Eudicots &quot;true dicots&quot;

- Have two cotyledon in theseeds, net leaf veinationand flowering partsusually in multiples of 4sor 5s

- Examples:

-oaks

-roses

-peas

-beans

- Gymnosperm

- Seeds are not encased inovaries, but exposed oncones

- Groups

- Most ecologicallysignificant group

- Conifers

- Examples:

-pines

-spruces

-redwoods

-firs

- Non-Vascular

- Life cycle is dominated byGametophytes

- Sporophytes rely on thegametophyte for survival

- Non vascular means they donot have xylem or phylemtissues

- Accounts for their small size

- Water is required forfertilization

- commonly called bryophytes

- Examples of Organisms

- Liverworts

- Hornworts

- Mosses

- Closely related to vascularplants

- Plant Structure

- Gametophytes

- Protonema

- Proto (first) nema (threads). Aone cell thick mass thatabsorbs water and minerals

- Gametophore

- Generates gamete producingstructures

- Rhizoids

- Structures that anchor a gametophyte tothe ground. Long tubular either single cellor filaments of cells

- Sporophytes

- Capsule

- Uses materials to producespores, up to 50 million

- Seta

- Conducts materials to theCapsule

- Foot

- Anchors the plant to theGametophyte

- Stomata

- Most commonly in vascularplants, allow CO2 and O2exchange