Wondershare EdrawMind
Galería de mapas mentales Minimalist Learning Method Reading Notes
- 145
- 10
Minimalist Learning Method Reading Notes
In this book, the author peels back the details and summarizes a set of learning methods that are suitable for most people to learn knowledge and skills. In the author's opinion, any learning can be divided into three stages: precise input, deep digestion, and multiple output. The first is the input of knowledge, which means taking in new knowledge first; then the digestion of knowledge, understanding the input knowledge; and finally, using the learned knowledge. I hope this book will benefit everyone who is confused when learning or doesn’t know how to learn a new skill!
Editado a las 2024-04-23 16:07:28,
Minimalist Learning Method Reading Notes
- Recomendados
- Resumen
"Minimalist Learning Method" Reading Notes
Part One: The Concept and Three Major Advantages of Minimalist Learning Method
Minimalist closed loop: input, digest and output, learn everything in three steps
Input: Enter the knowledge you want to learn
Enter the knowledge you want
Learning is a process that never arrives
Digestion: Understanding and understanding what you want to learn
Understand and understand the knowledge you want to learn
After inputting, you need to truly understand and master the knowledge or skills you have learned.
Requires specialized digestion
Output: Put the learned knowledge and skills to use
Use the knowledge and skills you have learned
Knowledge and skills are only valuable when they are used again
summary
Imagine that some of the knowledge and skills you have recently learned have gone through the three-step process of "input, digestion, and output"
The pursuit of accuracy: backward thinking, learning what to do and not doing it is useless
purpose and process
The purpose is clear and specific, and the implementation is clear
Error instance
The purpose of studying is to master knowledge, increase skills, and get into a good middle school or university in the future.
Above we usually have big goals like this, but they're not really valuable goals
truly valuable goals
I hope to be admitted to a certain university. To achieve this goal, how many points do I need to get in each subject?
Process: Pursue accuracy and avoid wasted effort
efficient learning
"Backward thinking"
Before learning, first clarify your learning goals (the final results to be achieved)
Deduce how to do it backwards (what to learn, how to learn)
Straight to the essence: learn from the roots and know everything
input from essence
Input from the essence: In the input link, the minimalist learning method advocates choosing the most essential things to learn.
You can choose basic textbooks and cornerstone theories
Digest from the root
In the digestion process (the process of understanding), we must explore the essence and not just understand the surface.
That is to say, understand from the root
In fact, it is the inheritance of essential input
Multiple input, one pass, all pass
learn by analogy
When we learn something, we need to know more other things through analogy based on what we learned.
In other words, once you learn something, learn to apply it to more areas
knowledge transfer
Similar in meaning to draw inferences from one instance
It’s all a way of learning to think or solve problems.
Apply your existing knowledge, methods or skills to new and more fields to solve more problems
MECE principle: mutually independent and completely exhaustive
That is to say, for a very important issue, it is necessary to classify it without overlapping or omission.
Essence: Decompose a large thing into small things, and the small things are independent of each other
Complex things can be broken down into small things. Any difficult thing will become simple as long as you start with small things.
Part 2 Accurate input: Use the right posture to learn accurately
Learn accurately: Think backwards and learn knowledge that directly determines the results.
Changing consciousness: learning must be done with a truly effective purpose
Learning must be purposeful and cannot be blind. This is the preparation for "minimalist learning" consciousness.
Be result-oriented and study with purpose
If you read with questions, your reading speed will be greatly improved.
Because you know what the purpose of your reading is, you have a strong purpose when reading, and you know where the key knowledge is and how to understand it.
This strong purpose will push you to study, and this kind of learning efficiency will be greatly improved.
Reasons for low self-learning efficiency: aimless learning
Learning must be purposeful and not blind.
If you have a learning purpose, maybe your learning purpose is not a truly effective learning purpose.
Your own learning purpose may not be a truly effective learning purpose
For example: I want to be admitted to a good university, I want to be admitted to a graduate school, I want to be a good writer, I want to be an excellent designer
These can be called "ideals" or "dreams" at best, because these goals are not implementable and cannot guide your actions.
Set goals: deduce the implementation process and set achievable goals
Example (a speech about time in a TED talk, in which backward thinking is used)
Write a year-end summary of the year at the beginning of the year
First write ABC and other things, and then write down the specific steps to complete these things.
When you write, you will find that you cannot write down the specific steps for some things, because when you write, you will feel that you cannot do it at all, that is, you cannot achieve it.
No matter how big the project is, it must ultimately be implemented into every operable task. This is also the core of backward thinking.
Examples to learn from
You can use this self-questioning and self-answering method to deduce the experimental process to formulate your own goals and action plans.
Recommended reading book "Deliberate Practice"
The essence of doing something well is: setting goals - making plans - dividing the plans into executable tasks every day - executing and providing timely feedback
SMART rule
S: Specific
It means that the goal is clear and specific, rather than vague and general, so that we can clearly know what the specific goal is to be achieved.
M: Measurable
Refers to a clear set of data that can be used as a basis to measure whether the goal has been achieved. If the goal set cannot be measured, it cannot be judged whether the goal has been achieved.
For example: Suppose your goal is to improve your grades, then you can set measurable goals. For example, in the final exam this semester, I want to be among the top 10 in my grade.
A: Attainable
Achievable means that the goal is not too ambitious but can be achieved in reality.
On the contrary, if it is basically impossible to achieve it in reality, then such a goal is meaningless.
The goals you set should not be too high, nor should they be easily achieved, otherwise you will not be able to tap into your potential.
R: Relevant
Relevance means that your goal is related to your other goals, or the overall goals within the organization
If achieving this goal does not lead to the achievement of other goals, or the correlation is very low, then even if this goal is achieved, it will not make much sense.
T: Time-bound
It means that the goal must be completed within a certain period of time, rather than being far away. Many people say that the dead line (deadline) is the primary productivity. This is the powerful role of time limit.
In an era where almost everyone suffers from procrastination, if the goal is not achieved, then the goal is basically in vain.
Because you will probably never start or start. When you encounter some difficulties, you will temporarily escape or give up, sometimes even forever.
Scientific execution: keep an eye on goals and reject excuses
Principle: Keep your eyes on the goal and reject excuses
Only by keeping an eye on your goals at all times can you truly ensure the achievement of your goals, because in the learning process, there are too many factors that interfere with your ability to achieve your goals.
You must always keep an eye on your goals so that you can truly turn your goals into reality
Keeping a close eye on your goals rationally is the way to prevent yourself from losing control.
Summary: Thinking backwards is actually drawing a straight line between two points
four steps
First, imagine the final outcome
Second, the results regress the implementation process
Third, break it down into achievable tasks
Fourth, keep an eye on the goals and implement them scientifically
Choose the right one: The best learning materials are those that suit you
Exam-based learning: Textbooks and syllabus are the best learning materials
The syllabus is the criterion for everything
Exam-based learning means that the ultimate goal of our learning is to pass the exam
As long as it is a standardized examination, the syllabus will be given, clarifying the scope of the examination, the knowledge points of the examination, and the degree of examination of each knowledge point. It needs to be memorized and applied. These are all stipulated.
Without clarifying the syllabus, all your preparation for the exam will be blind. You will probably do a lot of useless work, miss the key points, and miss the key points of the exam.
What to test, what to study, don’t do useless work
For one knowledge point, the requirement of the exam syllabus is memorization, so you just memorize it without thinking about its application. For another knowledge point, the requirement of the exam syllabus is application.
Then you not only need to learn this knowledge point, but also perform special exercises and use this knowledge point to solve problems
If it is a comprehensive application, you must not only learn this knowledge point to solve problems directly, but also train to use this knowledge point and combine it with other knowledge points to solve problems.
Textbooks are the best learning materials
The syllabus is compiled based on the textbook
How to understand the textbook thoroughly
Transparent: understand clearly and know why
You must have a thorough understanding of the knowledge points, theorems, formulas and other basic knowledge in the textbooks. That is, you must not only know and remember, but also know why and be able to deduce it yourself.
Understand all the knowledge points in the book thoroughly. You need to be able to derive the formulas yourself, and you need to understand the logic behind the theorems.
Only by understanding it from the root can you truly use it flexibly
Complete: No doubts will be raised, the particles will be returned to the warehouse
None of the knowledge points, examples, and notes in the textbook are invalid.
You must fully understand every part of the textbook. Don’t think that the small words in the notes are unimportant.
Because every knowledge point and every line of small words in the textbook may become a question in your exam.
String: form a system and string together knowledge
Knowledge is systematic and rarely exists alone.
Moreover, any textbook has its own knowledge system. If you want to master the content of this textbook, you must first understand the knowledge system of this textbook.
method
Read directory
Turn to the table of contents of the textbook and see what parts the textbook is divided into, what is the relationship between each part, and what are the sub-parts under each part.
Close the book, take out a piece of paper, and draw the knowledge in the book on the paper. While drawing the structure diagram, think about the specific knowledge in each part.
In this way, you will really understand the knowledge points of this textbook and form your own system.
Or open a mind mapping software and directly make a mind map of this textbook. This is also a good method.
More: Repeat, again and again
Never give up on the textbooks at any time. Take them out and read them frequently. You will gain something new every time you read them.
Continuous learning: Consistency is more important than what you choose
Learning materials is not the first priority, learning to the end is the first priority
Don’t buy study materials that are too special. They are all basically the same.
The same system is used to understand a knowledge point. The same knowledge cannot have completely different logics. They are essentially the same.
So don’t be too particular about choosing teaching aids. What’s more important is how to continue to learn a teaching aid.
What we should focus on is how to persevere from start to finish
If you still have to choose, how should you choose?
First look at the brand
Old brand: long-lasting and tested by the market
Big brands: product quality is excellent
Emerging brands: their rapid rise means they have certain advantages
Secondly, look at word of mouth
You can ask people in your circle for guidance information, or join the corresponding community to ask for everyone’s opinions.
Read online word-of-mouth posts and everyone’s reviews and feedback
Try it yourself
Pursue the essence: keep up with school, metacognition hits the cornerstone
Look at the cornerstone work and quickly grasp the essence
Each professional field basically has its own cornerstone work
The content in these cornerstone productions is the essence of this field.
Therefore, reading cornerstone works is an excellent way to quickly grasp the essence and learn about a certain field of knowledge.
First, basic books
Second, the papers that pioneered this field
Third, one or two basic concepts about this field
Key learning methodology: "Five hours of theory" is more important than "Ten thousand hours of theory"
The point of learning is to learn one thing quickly in a short period of time
Rule of 28
The key method can help you get 80% of the things done and only takes 20% of the time to learn.
Understand 100 keywords: How McKinsey consultants quickly master an industry
First, know 100 keywords first
If you want to understand this industry and this field, first find 100 keywords, and you will understand 80% to 90% of it.
Second, find 3 to 5 experts and chat with them
You know nothing about this industry, just ask one question after another in detail.
Third, find 3 to 5 monographs and read them carefully
This is equivalent to thematic reading. You can understand one thing by reading several books on the same theme.
Then use one of them as the core and study it carefully.
Compare other books and find similarities
These similarities are the most important things in the industry
Of course, we should also pay attention to the different places. It may be that different authors have different views on this issue, or it may be that they are used in different applications for different problems in reality.
The key is to take action
Learn well: input new knowledge and make "sandwich cake"
Pre-study preview: The key is to grasp the degree
There is only one purpose of learning, which is to prepare for real learning so that we can learn the new knowledge we need to learn during formal learning.
For example: The purpose of students' pre-class preview is to prepare for class listening, so that they can understand what the teacher says during class, and so that they can learn new knowledge clearly.
Three core points of preview
The knowledge is intertwined, and the preview effect is better after review
Under normal circumstances, it is best to preview the night before class, especially after the day's review or homework is completed.
Don't become "advanced learning", just mark the difficult points
Previewing must not turn into advanced learning. Preview according to the method of point 1. Just as much as you can understand through your own thinking. Don't force yourself to understand everything.
The key is to mark the areas you don’t understand in class and mark the areas you need to listen carefully to. Knowing what to focus on during class is the most important thing.
Overall preview for winter and summer vacations, key ways to surpass you in academics
Preview can gain a psychological advantage, which will be converted into confidence, thus surpassing other students.
There is a purpose in learning: Grasp the purpose and pay attention to the doubt points
Method 1: Focus on what you didn’t understand during the preview
The things you don’t understand in the preview are the parts you need to concentrate on most during class.
It is inevitable to be distracted in class, but you must pay attention to when the teacher talks about something you don’t understand, and you must be fully focused and alert.
This is where you need to concentrate most in this class. You must try your best to understand what the teacher is saying.
Eliminate the things you don’t understand first. This is the most critical thing and the “first purpose” of listening to the class.
Method 2: Pay attention to the beginning and the end, and follow the teacher to walk through the knowledge chain again
When you finish listening to a class, if you only learned scattered knowledge, then you have not learned the class well.
To truly learn this lesson well, you must be able to string these pieces of knowledge together to form a complete knowledge system.
Method 3: If you don’t understand anything in class, ask immediately
After class, if there is still something you haven’t learned clearly, please be sure to strike while the iron is hot and ask the teacher immediately or grab your classmates to ask.
Because if you haven’t learned it clearly before, it will be more difficult to understand the new knowledge later, and as time goes by, you will not understand more and more things.
The above three methods are all intended to achieve one goal: to do everything possible to learn new knowledge.
You should focus on what you don’t understand during the preview. If you still don’t understand after formal study, you must strike while the iron is hot and understand it immediately. If you leave it alone, it will be more difficult to understand the new knowledge later.
Reviewing after learning is the most easily forgotten step
You will definitely find that when you are doing homework, there are many questions that you cannot solve because the new things you learned in class have been forgotten by you, so you can only look at the new knowledge in the textbook.
This greatly delays study time and greatly affects study concentration.
And if you find that you don’t know how to solve many questions, your self-confidence will be greatly affected. Over time, you will feel frustrated and lose interest, which will have a negative impact on learning.
Therefore, it is very important to review the knowledge points before doing the questions.
No matter what new knowledge you learn, these three steps should be followed
Preview before learning to reduce the difficulty of formal learning. During the preview process, mark the doubt points so that you can focus on them during formal learning.
When you are studying, regardless of whether you are taking a class, studying with others or studying on your own, this step is to understand everything you don’t understand with a clear purpose. This is the key to everything.
When you finish studying, ask reporters to review it in time, so that the effect will be more effective. On the one hand, it eliminates false understanding, and on the other hand, it prevents forgetting and deepens understanding.
Part 5: The best state, three good helpers for minimalist learning
Fall in love with learning in three steps and gain endless motivation
Dreams are pushed back to awaken the desire in the heart
If you have a strong desire to realize your dreams, you will work harder on your studies
If you want to have a steady stream of learning motivation, you must first think about what your dream is.
Next, we need to connect our future dreams with our current learning by working backwards step by step, so that our current learning will have fundamental motivation.
Visualize your dreams to make your motivation stronger (visit wherever you want)
Many people’s dreams are vague and illusory
Many people say that their dream is to be a scientist, but in fact, they have no idea what they will do after becoming a scientist.
If your perception of dreams only stays at this level, it is likely that you will stop moving forward or even give up because of some difficulties you encounter in pursuing your dreams.
Psychological research shows that people are more afraid of losing than gaining
When you have seen and experienced it yourself, you will have a feeling of "already have it". Because you don't want to lose this sense of ownership, you are more eager to get it. Of course, when you are eager to get it
Of course, when you desire something, you will be more motivated
Reward yourself, the more you learn, the more motivated you will be
The process of fighting for your dreams is difficult, and the process of learning is not always smooth sailing.
Although you have the motivation to learn, you also need to continuously inject new motivation into yourself during the learning process.
Find from the outside world
For example: If your grades are good, you will be praised by the teacher; and when you see your grades improving, you will be happy and love learning even more.
Give yourself rewards
If you can't find it from the outside world, you can also reward yourself
Example
When your grades improve, reward yourself and reward yourself with a big meal.
When you learn a skill, you buy yourself a favorite piece of clothing or an electronic product that you have long desired.
All in all, learning is sometimes very difficult, and you need to be able to endure loneliness. You must learn to have fun in hardship, reward yourself for your continuous progress, and learn to applaud yourself, so that you will become more motivated as you learn.
Don’t be obsessed with self-discipline, habits are actually more important
The limitation of self-discipline determines his unreliability
As long as you are a person, you have two sides: self-discipline and unself-discipline. Whether this person is Obama or yourself, they are both a combination of self-discipline and unself-discipline.
The essence of self-discipline is actually self-control
Human self-control is limited
A person's self-control is like water in a bottle. Different people don't have the same amount of water in the bottle. In other words, people's self-control has individual differences, but no matter what, well, the water in the bottle All are limited
If we expend too much self-control on one thing, it is equivalent to pouring out a lot of water in the bottle, and then there will not be much water left in the bottle, which is what is left on another thing. Self-control will become less
Since self-discipline is so limited, it is obvious that self-discipline is not the best partner for learning that requires a high degree of and continuous self-discipline.
Habit is a more reliable choice
Learning is a continuous process. To persist to the end, we need to use good "habits"
How can a person stick to something? In fact, it only needs to meet one requirement: getting more than paying, that is, getting-paying>0
If you can't get more than you give before your self-discipline is exhausted, you will definitely give up at some point.
Because self-discipline is limited, your self-discipline will definitely be exhausted at some point
If we want to persevere in learning, we must use all means to make the gains greater than the efforts. This requires us to continue to improve "get" and reduce "pay"
Two "reduces"
Reduce study time
Reduce the self-control consumed in the learning process
A habit is a natural behavior, you do something without thinking about it
For example: you get up at 6 o'clock every morning to study. It will definitely be painful for you at the beginning, but after you insist on getting up at 6 o'clock every day for a week, you will find that it is not so painful. Later, you may not feel the pain anymore. Got it
Three "fixes"
Fixed study time
Try to fix your study time as much as possible, start studying at this time, and make it a part of your life
Fixed learning method
Learning methods are your learning tools. The better your tools are and the more familiar you are with them, the easier it will be for you to do it and the less you need to expend too much energy to complete the learning process.
This is also a kind of habit formation, which can reduce your effort in the learning process.
fixed place
If you are going to study for a long time, it is best to fix your study place. When the time comes, go directly to the fixed place. This is also a good habit.
Get rid of procrastination, it only takes three seconds
Accept that “everyone procrastinates”
The first thing to do when you fall into a state of procrastination is: stop being anxious and accept the procrastination. Otherwise, you will continue to blame yourself and become internally consumed.
You should change your mindset, calm yourself down, and tell yourself it’s not your fault.
Accept this and move on from now to the next step
Let’s start: a small ritual of three seconds
Now, recite 1, 2, and 3 silently to yourself, or you can say it out loud. After you say it, you can start your study immediately and do what you should do. This is a three-second ritual for yourself.
As long as you start, you are no longer procrastinating; as long as you start taking action, it is possible to continue
Don’t underestimate this small ritual, it is the most important start to help you get rid of procrastination.
Because as long as you start, everything has the possibility of improvement
Go ahead: Just do it for two minutes first
Two minutes is just a guide. The real intention is because everything is difficult at the beginning. Once you get started, you will find that the difficulties are not difficult, and then slowly you will find that you get better and better, so you will do more and more, and you will become more and more powerful.
Do the hard stuff first: higher ranks eliminate procrastination
Recommended reading book: "The Road Less Traveled"
Delay gratification and change the order of learning and doing things
To get rid of this kind of procrastination, all you have to do is: change the order of doing things and delay gratification
Delaying gratification means not coveting temporary comfort and resetting the order of happiness and pain in life.
First, face the problem and feel the pain
Second, solve problems and have fun
This is a simple and easy way to live
Part 4: Multiple output: four layers of output, truly putting knowledge to use
Expression output, three applications of Feynman learning method
tell others
The person you are explaining to does not understand this knowledge or does not understand it thoroughly.
Therefore, when explaining, you need to find a backward student
The person you are explaining to should give you feedback so that you can make an accurate judgment about yourself through their feedback.
Only by communicating with each other can we know where we are lacking and need improvement.
Learn again based on feedback and simplify your expressions
If the other party doesn't understand, or you always get stuck when you explain and can't explain everything, it means you haven't really understood it, then go back and learn again.
tell yourself
Talking to oneself, asking and answering questions
Close the study book and speak it yourself. Go back and study where you get stuck, or where the explanation is unclear.
Speak it yourself first, then listen to it yourself (recording)
You can use your mobile phone or other recording device to record what you are saying while you are speaking.
Write to yourself
Write down what you have learned
If you can write it down easily, you have understood it.
You can also tell others about the book you have finished reading.
You may find that you can't seem to explain it clearly. If you can calm down and read the book again, write out the main content of the book, even if you just draw the structure.
In this process, it is equivalent to you understanding the content of the book again, and then you can explain the main content and structure of what you wrote to others, and then you can explain it more clearly.
You can also show others what you have written.
Seeing whether others can really understand is also a good way of testing.
Problem solving type output, how to solve the problem for the best effect
Effectively answering questions is a process of constantly breaking through the comfort zone
You must continue to test outside the boundaries of your abilities, improve yourself little by little, always solve problems that you can jump to and solve with hard work, and force yourself to improve.
Special topic brushing, a once-and-for-all method of brushing up questions
Concentrate on homework for a period of time, a certain type of questions or questions from a certain type of knowledge section
Questions that require in-depth summary and research during the question writing process
Because what you need to work on is your own weak link, you need to use your most efficient time to do it, so that the effect is more guaranteed.
Solve special topics and master the golden four steps
The first step is to review knowledge
According to the minimalist three-step learning method described in this book, you need to deeply digest the knowledge before outputting it.
Therefore, before completing the topic review, you need to review the corresponding knowledge.
If you didn’t understand it before, you need to digest it deeply again to ensure that this part of the knowledge is truly understood by you.
The second step is to brush up the questions for the first time
After understanding the knowledge, you can enter the question-answering session. The core purpose this time is to directly solve the questions based on the existing knowledge.
You may encounter two situations
The first type is that you can solve the problem based on the knowledge you already know. You may not be very skilled, but you can still solve it.
The second type is that although you understand the knowledge, because you have not experienced too many applications or are not very proficient in mastering the knowledge, you cannot solve some questions, or you can only partly solve them.
In this case, you need to consolidate your knowledge again based on the questions you don’t know.
The third step is to summarize the rules
In the process of reviewing thematic questions, one important purpose is to find common problem-solving methods and problem-solving ideas in this type of questions.
With these methods, you will have the master key to solving this type of problem
This step requires you to jump out and summarize the rules and general solutions to these questions. Although the forms of the questions are different, the essential rules are the same.
The fourth step, brush the questions for the second time
At this time, we need to review the questions and re-test and review the rules and methods summarized in the third step.
Only in this way can you become familiar with it and ensure that you can solve it quickly when you encounter this kind of problem again.
Exam output, how to scientifically score points
An interesting triangle relationship in the exam
Having the thinking of a question maker is the prerequisite for getting high scores in the exam.
Empathy
Analyze questions and test points
Make it clear what this question is trying to test you for
method
Study real questions: Find patterns from real questions
Develop a habit: Ask yourself more about what knowledge points you want to test in this question
Reference answer learning method: the guarantee of getting high scores in the exam
choose
Standard answers to past questions
High-quality teaching materials and reference answers to simulation questions
Learn the Three Keys and Four Steps to Reference Answers
three keys
Answer structure
score points
Subject terminology
You can find time to focus on the reference answers at a certain moment, pick out the subject terms, study them carefully, understand them and memorize them.
accumulation
four steps
answer
Write the answer yourself first
look
Comparing the differences with the standard answers (the above three points)
build
Modify your answer based on the standard answer
Until the changes are consistent, make sure that next time you do the same type of questions, you can also write down answers that are consistent with the standard answers.
answer
It is recommended that after completing the first three steps, perform this step one or two days later.
Answer your own questions until they are consistent with the standard answers
Summarize the answer template to secure high scores
Practical application, grasp the "33 principles"
Use knowledge to do things, that is, use the knowledge you have learned to solve problems in the real world and truly use the knowledge. This is the ultimate goal of our learning.
After learning the knowledge, use it at least three times (force yourself)
The more knowledge is used, the stronger it becomes
Grasp the essence and draw inferences from one instance to other cases
To grasp the essence, you need to have the ability of "metaphor and analogy"
Analogy allows us to learn the core way of thinking of "drawing inferences from one instance" and allows us to apply certain knowledge or methods to different fields, which is "knowledge transfer". This is to draw inferences from one instance to other cases.
What makes perfect is how to do it with deliberate practice
First of all, you must have a goal to achieve through practice. During the practice process, you must constantly break through the boundaries of your abilities. You must have a mentor, coach, or student to give you feedback on your performance. You must improve step by step and finally achieve your goal.
Deliberately practice three key points: goals, breakthroughs, and feedback
Targeted practice
First of all, you must have a clear practice goal, that is, what kind of results you want to achieve when you practice.
Setting goals can effectively guide your practice, and can also help you break down the practice steps step by step, so that your practice can be implemented and finally realized.
If there is no purpose, you will not be able to judge whether your exercises are effective, and thus you will not be able to analyze where there are problems and conduct targeted training on the problems.
Breaking through the boundaries of capabilities bit by bit
Any practice and growth occurs step by step, so practice repeatedly and deliberately
Provide feedback during practice
Find experts in the field for feedback
If you can find a master in your field who is the best, ask him to give you feedback on your practice
Adjust based on other people’s reactions
For example: If you are a short video blogger, the reactions of your users and fans and the popularity of your videos are all feedback to you.
Give your own feedback
You can analyze your practice to give objective feedback and guide yourself to practice better
summary
The deliberate practice cycle is to enter a cycle of: "Breakthrough→Practice→Feedback→Improvement→Practice", constantly improve yourself, and finally become proficient in one thing
Part Three: Deep Digestion: How to Thoroughly Understand Knowledge
Mental preparation: either have insensitivity or unconditional belief
Recommended reading book: "Insensitive Power"
Possessing the power of insensitivity, deep digestion can be completed unconsciously
insensitive force
The power of dullness and the ability to calmly face the setbacks and pains in life and move firmly in one's own direction are the means and wisdom to win a better life.
People who are insensitive will think that I don’t understand this part of the content, maybe my method is wrong, and I have to find a way to understand it.
There is only one purpose, which is to thoroughly understand the knowledge. There is no other feeling of frustration such as trying several times and still not understanding Jiu Xinsheng. It is through continuous learning, thinking and research in such actions that the knowledge will be completely understood.
Learning that doesn’t stop until the goal is achieved
escape learning
"This is too difficult and frustrating. I have tried several times but still can't understand it. This is completely beyond my ability. Forget it, I won't study this part. I'll go to other parts. It’s no problem to understand this part.”
The result of this kind of learning is that there are many knowledge loopholes or half-understandings, but no real understanding. The learning effect can be imagined.
In the process of deep digestion, we might as well be a "big-hearted person" and have a more indifferent attitude
It doesn’t matter if you don’t understand it or if you haven’t learned it, I’ll just continue learning.
Specific methods: Others do the same
That is, when you are dissatisfied with your performance and feel frustrated, tell yourself, "I am not a god and others are like this", so that your mentality will instantly improve, let yourself go, and forgive yourself.
Every time you encounter difficulties in learning, want to give up, or feel frustrated, you can use this method. Over time, you will become a person with super insensitivity.
When difficulties and failures in the learning process cannot affect your mood and state, you will become free of distractions.
At this time, I have only one purpose in my heart, which is to learn what I need to learn.
Believe unconditionally: Get rid of the "fear of difficulties" and you can learn everything
How do top academics manage to be strong in every subject?
They almost all have one thing in common, that is: they are not afraid of difficulties, never give up until they achieve their goals, know clearly that there are tigers in the mountains, and prefer to travel to the tiger mountains.
talent
Many top academics don’t have any learning methods for the subjects they are good at. They can be said to be talented and can get high scores without much studying.
Therefore, top academics usually have learning methods for their weak subjects. I think this is the subject for which they have worked hard to find a way to finally improve their grades. They are very knowledgeable about these subjects.
So if you want to learn good Chinese and English learning methods, you can ask a science student who was admitted to Tsinghua University for advice. His method may be more helpful to you.
Attitude: Face up to the difficulties and attack in which subjects you can’t succeed.
Faced with partial subjects, I didn’t think too much, but thought about what to do to get good grades, and then work hard after finding the direction, so that the final result will be good.
Fundamentally believe in yourself. You can learn any knowledge or learn anything. You have to believe this from the bottom of your heart.
You don’t need to compare with others, just compare with yourself. As long as you are making progress every day, you just need to be better today than you were yesterday.
So start by believing, forget about the difficulties in front of you, and throw away your fear of difficulties
Please believe in yourself unconditionally
You can learn everything! Start by being brave, keep at it, you can do it
Accurate self-examination: Please be extremely honest and find loopholes (find problems) in three ways
Self-examination is anti-human, you must be extremely honest
If you really want your studies to be effective, you should do self-analysis and learn to self-examine your own problems.
When you start to examine yourself, you must maintain an extremely honest attitude in order to truly examine yourself.
Accurate self-examination, there is no way to escape from loopholes
Self-examination at source: self-assessment using a checklist
textbook study
If you want to check what knowledge gaps you have in a course, you can turn to the table of contents in the textbook and check the table of contents one by one to see if you have mastered the content corresponding to each table of contents.
Retell according to the table of contents and see if you can tell the main points and contents of this part of the table of contents.
Study for exams
Take out the exam syllabus, compare the test points specified in the exam syllabus, and the requirements of each test point, and conduct self-assessment item by item.
Note, be sure to carefully check whether you have met the specific requirements for each test point in the syllabus.
Result self-check: self-check based on output
Analyze test papers
For every mock exam this semester, we should take out the test paper and analyze it to find our own loopholes based on the score of the test paper.
Identify weak sectors
An exam usually involves multiple areas of knowledge. Through the scores of the test papers, it is easy to find out which area you are relatively weak in. This is your vulnerability point and where you need to invest heavily in studying next.
Find weak details
The big sections are easy to find, and you may even know the basics without passing the exam.
Based on the test papers, weak details can also be analyzed, which is extremely valuable.
Find out the reason for losing points
The purpose of exam-based learning is to get high scores through exams. This is the most direct learning outcome.
There is a situation where you understand all the knowledge points but do not score well in the exam. Then you need to analyze the test paper and your own situation in the exam room to find out why you did not score high.
Three questions
Have I really learned all the knowledge points?
This question is to check whether you really understand or pretend to understand.
Can I use this knowledge to solve problems?
What went wrong during my exam?
careless exam
Example
I read the wrong line on the draft paper, and it was intertwined with other questions.
To deal with this kind of carelessness, you can use the "four-grid draft fingering method" to fold the draft paper in half twice to form 4 grids. Of course, you can also fold it into more grids to ensure that each question has its own one on the draft paper. place, each question must be separated from each other.
Exam mentality
Test mentality can also affect final test scores. Before the exam, you need to find a way to adjust your mentality so that you will not fail to perform at your true level in the examination room due to mentality problems.
a matter of time
How to allocate time reasonably during exams is also a very particular matter.
If you do not make good use of the precious time in the examination room, you will not have enough time to solve some questions that you would have done originally.
Therefore, it is very important to learn how to use exam time, make timely adjustments, and maximize your score.
Analyze works
If your purpose of studying is to get good scores in the exam, you can analyze the test paper
If you are not studying to take a test, but to acquire a certain skill through learning, it is more suitable to use the method of analyzing works to conduct self-tests.
Help others test: Find these two kinds of people
Find a master
When you are not clear about your own problem, you can find an expert in this field and ask them to help you take a look, and the problem will be found immediately.
Find students
Pay attention to the following three aspects
First, if you think you can’t explain something clearly or you don’t understand something, there’s no doubt that if you can’t explain something clearly or you don’t understand it, it’s most likely because you haven’t learned it thoroughly yet.
The second thing the other party can’t understand
If the other party doesn't understand, it's probably because you haven't learned it yet, so the other party doesn't understand what you're saying.
This may also be due to a problem with the other party’s understanding.
Third, if you don’t understand something, the other party can’t understand it either.
Get it directly: if you do these three points, you can thoroughly understand everything (how to do it)
Critical start: Within 72 hours, start where you can
It doesn’t matter where you start, the beginning is the most important thing
We have a natural fear of things that are too difficult and knowledge areas that we have not learned thoroughly. At this time, we should adjust our mentality and put aside our fear.
Just stop being afraid of it and take your first step. When you really start learning, half of the knowledge and problems you don’t understand will have been solved.
You must act within 72 hours or you may never start (72-hour rule)
The 72-hour rule: When you decide to do something, you must actually take action within 72 hours, otherwise you will probably never do it again.
Almost everyone has procrastination, especially things that they have not done before and think are difficult, but they are reluctant to start. This is human nature.
It's easiest to start by applying the known to the unknown
The process of learning is actually using known knowledge to understand new knowledge. When the new knowledge is understood, it will become our known knowledge, and we can use the new known knowledge to understand the updated knowledge. This cycle continues. forward
Overcome difficult points: focus deeply and attack one at a time
Be proactive in exploring rather than passively accepting (just follow the teacher’s teaching goals)
When you actively want to learn and understand a certain knowledge point, your learning effect will be beyond your imagination. In the end, you will find that this problem is nothing more than this.
Calm down and eliminate all distractions
If you want to get into deep learning, then you have to learn to eliminate all distractions. Everyone has different sources of interference when studying.
You must learn to actively block these sources of interference
physical isolation
It is to be separated from the source of interference in time and space.
trivial isolation
When you want to focus deeply on your studies, either let others do the trivial things that affect your energy but must be done for you, or you can just ignore them.
For example: If you are worried that your mobile phone will disturb you, just put the mobile phone far away from you.
Concentrate your efforts to solve one problem at a time
Concentrate your energy without distraction, do one thing within a period of time, and achieve an effect in a short period of time. This is much better than using average effort.
Even those other things that have been learned, once learned, will not be forgotten in a short period of time. Even if they have not been exposed to it for a while, they will be picked up quickly. After all, the basic skills and level are already there.
Using external forces: Let foreign aid play a real role
When is external help needed?
The learning effect is relatively poor and cannot keep up with the pace of learning.
If your academic performance is relatively poor and you cannot understand that your grades have completely fallen behind in class with classmates who are not working, then you need to seek help from outsiders at this time, whether it is asking for help from teachers, classmates, or additional Internet users. It's not important, the important thing is to do it like this
Seek help from suitable foreign aid, find external forces that are beneficial to you, and study in a targeted manner under the guidance and influence of external forces, so that you will improve faster.
You study hard but never make a breakthrough
One possibility is that your current learning method is no longer suitable for what you are learning now.
New ways of learning are needed
Another possibility is that your learning ability and cognitive ability have reached the limit, and the new knowledge has exceeded your ability and cognitive scope.
Find an expert or teacher to give you a targeted study plan
Raise your scores suddenly before the exam, scientifically cram into your feet
If you want to suddenly improve your scores before the exam, take this kind of sprint class, you will definitely get twice the result with half the effort.
If you want to learn better than ordinary people, you need to increase intensity
Dimension-raising and then dimension-reducing learning method
Two steps for selecting foreign aid
Grasp two principles
Clarify the purpose of borrowing external forces
When you have several purposes, you have to rank them, which one is the first purpose, which one is the second purpose, which one is the third purpose.
Sorting is very important because for different purposes, the external forces you are looking for, the specific methods to be used, and the design paths are likely to be completely different.
The clearer you force yourself to think about your purpose, the better the learning effect will be.
Choose the “right external force” scientifically
You must first choose someone who understands teaching. If you can’t find one, then choose someone who understands knowledge.
The biggest role of making good use of external forces may not be to teach you lessons, but to give you feedback.
In addition to teaching you knowledge and allowing you to understand the knowledge, the external force you found also has another very important responsibility.
It is to answer questions for you and provide feedback on your learning during your learning process, so that the comprehensive effect will be better
Book information
Author: Liao Heng
Former "Global Times" special correspondent, senior media person, and CEO of Xueba Media, he has conducted in-depth interviews with hundreds of top students from Tsinghua University and Peking University, and summed up a systematic and efficient learning method suitable for everyone who cannot learn or is stuck in a learning bottleneck. people
The educational short video account matrix run by the author and centered on Qingbei Xueba has attracted the attention of 20 million people and is deeply loved by readers.
Publisher: Beijing United Publishing Company
Publication year: 2022-4
Related book recommendations
"Effective Learning"
"Learning Power"
"Learning Monetization"