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EdrawMindApproaches to the Study of Globalization
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Approaches to the Study of Globalization
Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries and people around the world in terms of economies, cultures, technologies, and communication. It is driven by advancements in transportation, communication, and information technologies, which have significantly reduced barriers to the movement of goods, services, capital, and ideas across borders.
Edited at 2021-09-17 12:39:46- Recommended to you
- Outline
Approaches to the Study of Globalization
Globalization as Globaloney
Three broad categories
This group dispute the usefulness of globalization as a sufficiently precise analytical concept.
Lastly, this group of critics disputes the novelty of the process while acknowledging the existence of moderate globalizing tendencies.
Rejectionists
Scholars arguments
Craig Calhoun
Nationalism and its corollary terms have proved notoriously hard concepts to define because ‘nationalisms are extremely varied phenomena and any definition will legitimate some claims and delegitimate others.
Susan Strange
Globalization a prime example of such a vacuous term, suggesting that it has been used in academic discourse to refer to anything from the Internet to a hamburger.
Robert Holton's
Abandon all general theoretical analyses in favor of middle-range approaches that seek to provide specific explanations of particulars
Improvement point in two different directions
The first is to challenge the academic community to provide additional examples of how the term ‘globalization’ obscures more than it enlightens.
The second avenue for improvement involves my own suggestion to complement the social-scientific enterprise of exploring globalization as an objective process with more interpretive studies of the ideological project of globalism.
Globalization as Political Process
System
National Government
Govermental
Intergovernmental Organization
Technology
Steady advances in computer technology technological advances have broken down many physical barriers to worldwide communication which used to limit how much connected or cooperative activity of any kind could happen over long distances
‘Globalization has happened because technological advances have broken down many physical barriers to worldwide communication which used to limit how much connected or cooperative activity of any kind could happen over long distances
Globalization as Cultural Process
The centrality of culture to contemporary debates on globalization.
‘Globalization lies at the heart of modern culture; cultural practices lie at the heart of globalization.’ The thematic landscape traversed by scholars of cultural globalization is vast, and the questions they raise are too numerous to be completely fleshed out in this short survey.
Central questions
Does globalization increase cultural homogeneity, or does it lead to greater diversity and heterogeneity? Or, to put the matter into less academic terms, does globalization make people more alike or more different?
Defines cultural globalization as a ‘densely growing network of complex cultural interconnections and inter- dependencies that characterize modern social life’. He emphasizes that global cultural flows are directed by powerful international media corporations that utilize new communication technologies to shape societies and identities
How does the dominant culture of consumerism impact the natural environment?
As well as obvious social and economic problems, consumerism is destroying our environment. As the demand for goods increases, the need to produce these goods also increases. This leads to more pollutant emissions, increased land-use and deforestation, and accelerated climate change.
Globalization as Economic Process
How the evolution of international markets and corporations led to an intensified form of global interdependence.
Economic accounts of globalization convey the notion that the essence of the phenomenon involves ‘the increasing linkage of national economies through trade, financial flows, and foreign direct investment by multinational firms.
Thus expanding economic activity is identified as both the primary aspect of globalization and the engine behind its rapid development.
Modifiers
Robert Gilpin
The world economy in the late 1990s appeared to be even less integrated in a number of important respects than it was prior to the outbreak of World War I.
2 factors that support his position
Globalization of labour was actually much greater prior to World War
International migration declined considerably after 1918.
World System theory
Immanuel Wallerstein (1979) and Andre Gunder Frank (1998),. World-system theorists argue that the modern capitalist economy in which we live today has been global since its inception five centuries ago
More recent studies produced by world-system scholars (Amin, 1996; Carroll et al., 1996; Robinson,2004) acknowledge that the pace of globalization has significantly quickened in the last few decades of the twentieth century.
Sceptics
Economic globalization
World economy is not a truly global phenomenon, but one centered on Europe, eastern Asia, and North America.
Exaggerated accounts of an iron logic of economic globalization’ tend to produce disempowering political effects.
Problems with the Hirst–Thompson thesis.
It would therefore be entirely possible to argue for the significance of globalization even if it can be shown that increased transnational economic activity appears to be limited to advanced industrial countries.
Overly high standards for the economy in order to be counted as ‘fully globalized’.