Most Dense (contains the whole mass of the atom)

Proton Number

Number of Protons & Electrons

A-Z = No. of Neutrons

Different Physical Property

Atoms of the same element that has a different number of neutrons but the same amount of protons

Same Chemical Property

Electrons

Neutrons

Protons

Orbital Diagrams

Energy Levels are divided into: S,P,D,F

Bohr Model:

Aufbau Principle

Hund's Rule

A= (mass of Isotope 1 x % abundance) + (#2 isotope x % abundance) /100

Used to determine the isotopes of elements together with their relative abundance

Absorbtion spectra is produced when an electron absorbs energy

Range of wavelengths or frequencies of of electromagnetic radiation

Higher Energy corresponds to High frequencies and shorter wave lengths

Lower energy corresponds to lower frequency and longer wavelength

Emission Spectra is produced when an electron emits energy to a lower energy level

Hydrogen Emission Spectra

Electrons added to the same main energy level

Increases across a Period

Decreases across a period for the positive ions

Increases down a group because of the increased number of occupied energy levels

Decreases down the group as the number of occupied energy levels increases

Energy Required to remove one mole of electrons from gas atoms

Increases across a period as nucleus charge increases

Measure of the ability to attract bonding pairs

Increases across a period because of the increase in nucleus charge and the decrease in radius

Decreases down the group because of the increase in atomic radius

Decreases down the group

X + e- = X-

X- + e- = X2-

Given by the atomic number increases by one between successive elements in the periodic table

Zeff = Z (ATOMIC NUMBER) -S (SHIELDING)

Zeff net +ve charge experienced by valence electrons

Depends on the bond type

Increases across a period as the strengths of the metallic bond increases

Occurs when the inner shielding electrons shield the outer valence electrons

Increases down a group because the number of shielding electrons increase down the group

Constant across a period because shielding electrons are the same

Arranged in Groups. & Periods

Decreases across a period; increasing nuclear charge and decreasing atomic radius across a period

Metals tend to lose their outer electrons to form positive ions and non metals

How easily can an atom lose an electron

Increases down a group as the outer electrons become easier to lose

Smaller than their parent atoms

Has more + than - which results in an increased attraction between the nucleus and electrons

Have more electrons than protons which results in a decreased attraction between the nucleus and electrons

Bigger than their parents' atoms