1. 1 inch 2.Rectus sheath 3.two recti are retracted 4. Not recommeded in emergencies.

-lnea alba -Best for emergencies

-splitted - used in emergencies and in children.

- splitted - used in emergencies and in children

Rt. subcostal

Lt.subcustal

ureters (Rt. or Lt.)

appendix

Produces minimal damage to muscles, nerves and vessels.

Can be easily enlarged if this is needed

Good exposure to the diseased organ

pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative - partial or complete

intestine is presen

intestine are retained

- pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative - partial or complete manifested by the “Red sign" Serosanginous discharge