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EdrawMindChemical Mediator Inflammation and Information about it
MindMap Gallery Chemical Mediator Inflammation and Information about it
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Chemical Mediator Inflammation and Information about it
The role of chemical mediators in inflammation is a complex and essential aspect of the body's immune response. This mind map will delve into the various chemical mediators involved in the inflammatory process, including cytokines, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and histamine. By visually mapping out the interactions and functions of these chemical mediators, this mind map aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how they contribute to the initiation, propagation, and resolution of inflammation.
Edited at 2023-11-15 17:30:35- Epidemiological Study Designs
This infographic offers an in-depth analysis of epidemiological study designs, essential for public health research. It categorizes and describes various methodologies including experimental, cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. It further delves into each type's specific approaches, such as selection of cases, control matching, and the calculation of statistical measures like risk and odds ratios. This visual guide is ideal for students, researchers, and public health professionals seeking to understand or conduct epidemiological research.
- CHain of infection
The chain of infection is a crucial concept in understanding and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. It outlines the sequential events necessary for an infection to be transmitted from a source to a susceptible host. In this mind map, we will explore the components of the chain of infection, including the infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host. By visualizing this interconnected chain, we can better comprehend how infections propagate and identify key points for intervention and control.
- Chemical Mediator Inflammation and Information about it
The role of chemical mediators in inflammation is a complex and essential aspect of the body's immune response. This mind map will delve into the various chemical mediators involved in the inflammatory process, including cytokines, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and histamine. By visually mapping out the interactions and functions of these chemical mediators, this mind map aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how they contribute to the initiation, propagation, and resolution of inflammation.
Chemical Mediator Inflammation and Information about it
- Epidemiological Study Designs
This infographic offers an in-depth analysis of epidemiological study designs, essential for public health research. It categorizes and describes various methodologies including experimental, cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. It further delves into each type's specific approaches, such as selection of cases, control matching, and the calculation of statistical measures like risk and odds ratios. This visual guide is ideal for students, researchers, and public health professionals seeking to understand or conduct epidemiological research.
- CHain of infection
The chain of infection is a crucial concept in understanding and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. It outlines the sequential events necessary for an infection to be transmitted from a source to a susceptible host. In this mind map, we will explore the components of the chain of infection, including the infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host. By visualizing this interconnected chain, we can better comprehend how infections propagate and identify key points for intervention and control.
- Chemical Mediator Inflammation and Information about it
The role of chemical mediators in inflammation is a complex and essential aspect of the body's immune response. This mind map will delve into the various chemical mediators involved in the inflammatory process, including cytokines, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and histamine. By visually mapping out the interactions and functions of these chemical mediators, this mind map aims to provide a comprehensive overview of how they contribute to the initiation, propagation, and resolution of inflammation.
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- Outline
Chemical Mediator Inflammation and Information about it
Chemical mediators play a crucial role in the process of inflammation.
Charactercs
specific to rceptor or Enzyme activity
limitid and wide activites
may be harmful
short lived function
Short half-life - AA metabolite
Inactivated by enzymes - kiniase or bradykinin
Eliminated - Antioxidant on O2 species
Inhibited
C Inhibitory proteins
Sources of chemical mediators
Cell derived
Sequesterd in granules
Vasoactive amines
Most important for reaction against microbes
Cell types that produce
Major
Tissue macrophage
Dendritec cells
Mast cells
INduced to elaborate
Platelets
Neutrophils
Endothelial cells
Most epithelia
syntheized by stimulation
PGs
LT
O2 species
NO
cytokines
PAF
Circulating plasma proteins derived - complement proteins
Produced mainly by liver
inactibe in cerculation >> active by proelytic cleavages
Against circulating microbes
Types
Coafulation/ fibrinolytic factors
Complement system
Kinins
Chemical mediators can be classified into different types based on their functions.
vasoactive amine.
Their action on BV
Histamine
Chatactarics
Stored in Mast cells
Derived from Histidine
First mediator to be releassed
More potent
Functions
Dilation and permeability of venules - immediate
Induce Endotheilal cell vontraction
Binds to H1
BY histaminase
Antihistamine drugs
To treat inflammatory reactions - allergis
Antagonist to H1
Release in
Physical injury
Binding of igE to Fc
Anapha;toxins
Histamine releasing protein from PMNs
Neuropeptides - substance P
Cytokines IL-1 / IL-8
Serotonin
Platelets aggregation
PAF
Arachidonic acid metabolites - AA
Chatactarics
20 C polyunsaturated fatty acid
Derived from
Diatary sources
lionolic acid
Esterfied and joind Cell membrane
Stimuli and mediators(C5a) activate
PA2
AA release
Converted to Eicosanoids
Participate in 2 pathways
Cycloxygenase pathway - COX
TXA2
Vasoconctriction
Platlets and thrombosis
PGI2-Prostacyclin
Vasodilation
Platlets
PGD2,PGE2,PGF2- Prostaglandins
Vasodilation
Edema formation
Pain( PGE2) / Fever
PGE2 make the skin hypersensitive
COX-1
Production of PGs
For inflammation
FOR Protection
COX-2
PGs that involove in inflammation only - risk of thrombosis
Lipoxygenes pathway
5-Lipoxygenase pathway
5-HETE/LTB4( derived from LTA4)
Chemotactic agents
LTC4/LTD4/LTE4
Vasoconstriction
Bronchspasm
Permeability
12-Lipoxygenase pathway
Lipoxins( LXA4/LXB4)
Vasodilation
Neutrophil chemotaxic and adhesion
Anti-inflammatory
Monocyte adhesion
Release in
Physical injury
Binding of igE to Fc
Anapha;toxins
Histamine releasing protein from PMNs
Neuropeptides - substance P
Cytokines IL-1 / IL-8
Pharmacological ingibtors for PGs AND LTs
COX inhibitors - Aspirin/NASIDs( ibuprofen)
COX-1/2 >>> NO PGs
Treat Fever and Pain
Selective for COX-2
Newer class
200-300 more potent to COX-2
Lipoxygenase inhibtiotors
5-liopoxygenase not affected by NASIDs
Leuktriene production for Asthma
Corticosteriods
Broad spectrun Anti-inflammatory agents
Transcription genes of
COX-2
PA2
Pro-inflammatory - IL-1/TNF
INOS
LTs receptors antagonist
LTs receptors prevents the actions of LTs
Montelukast - treatment for asthma
PAF
Charactrics
Produced from phospholipids by PA2
Function
Agregates and degranulate platelets
Vasodilator and Bronchoconstrictor
AT low C induce vasodilation and Permeability
Effects on Leukocytes
Increase adhesion
Chemotactic
Degranulation
Oxygen burst
Cytokines
Charactarics
Hormone-like polypeptides -transiet
Secretd by Activated
Lympocytes
Macrophages
Dendretic cells
Endothelial / CT cells
Mediate and regulate the inflammatory reactions
Cell comunications
Pleiotropic
Autocrine / Paracrine / Endocrine
Properties
Pleiotropic
Rendundacy >2 same effect
Cascade induction
Synergy
Antagonism
Clases
Regulators of Ls Function
IL-2 induce proliferation
TGF-b inhibit Growth
Primary response to injury- innate
INF-gamma
IL-12
Chemotactics
IL-8
Hematopiotec GF
IL-3
GM-CSF
Chemokines
Characterics
Group of related Chemotactic small polypeptides
All of which have 4 cysteine residues
The largest family - CC chemokines
First 2 of 4 cytocine adjacent to each other
4O type and 20 receptor of them
participate in
Regulate
Adehesion
chemotaxis
activation of leukocytes
Targeting leukocytes to infection site
Bind to GPCR to mediate their activity
2 main function
Acute inflammation
Maintenance of tissue architecture
Homoestatic chemokines
Produced by stromal cells
Examples of CC Chemokines
CCL2 - monocyte chemoatractant protein MCP-1
CCL3/CCL4- Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 MIP-1a/1b
CCL5- RANTES
CCL11- Etoaxin
CXC Chemokines
CXCL8
IL-8
Neutrophil chemotactic
Nitric OXIDE
ROLE in inflammation
Vasodilator
Antagonis for platlet
Adehsion
Aggregation
Sitmulation
Reduce lekucytes Adhesion and recruitment
Microbiocidal in activated macrophages
TNF&IL-1
produced mainly by Macrophages
stimulated by
Bacterial products
Immune complex
Endotoxin - LPS
Physical injury
Other cytokines
Effects On
Endothelial cells
Lukocytes
Fibroblasts
Acute phase reactions
TNF antagonist
Effective in CID particulary in
Rheumatoid arthritis
Psoriasis
Inflammatory bowel disease