MindMap Gallery humans and environment
Preventive Medicine Human Health Textbook Eight-Year Edition, including basic concepts, The relationship between humans and the environment, environmental pollution and health, prevention and control measures of environmental pollution, etc.
Edited at 2023-12-18 20:09:26One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
humans and environment
basic concept
human environment
environment
environmental factors
Definition: Basic material components that are independent, have different personalities, and conform to the overall evolution rules that constitute the overall environment.
Classification: including three major categories: physics, chemistry and biology
envirnmental factor
unknown part
environmental media
Environmental classification
natural environment
social environment
ecology
ecosystem
definition
composition
Relationship to the biosphere
biosphere
definition
scope
interaction
ecological balance
definition
three concepts
ecological threshold
ecological imbalance
ecological crisis
food chain
definition
significance
energy
poison
two effects
bioconcentration effect
biomagnification effect
The relationship between humans and the environment
The physical unity of humans and the environment
from
Material exchange and energy flow
Element abundance related
Human adaptation to the environment
Adjustment function
certain limit
genetic material
The duality of environmental impacts on human health
duality
favorable
harmful
hormesis effect (hormesis effect)
low dose stimulation
high dose inhibition
bidirectional curve
Example
Arsenic (arsenic trioxide)
High dose poisoning, low dose tuberculosis, leukemia, syphilis
Dioxins
High-dose liver cancer and low-dose tumor suppression
human-environment interaction
Environmental Impact Complexity
diversity of body responses
Human Genome Project
Environmental Genome Project
content
Interaction of environmental exposures and genetic factors to influence disease
Target
environmental response genes
susceptibility differences
SNP
Environmental pollution and health
environmental pollution
definition
Exceeding self-purification, quality degradation, adverse effects
type
medium
atmospheric soil water
Pollutant properties
Physics Chemistry Biology
scope
Regional Global
constitute
pollution source
definition
Sources of pollutants: places, equipment, devices
Classification
nature
artificial
Industry Agriculture Life Transportation
pollutants
definition
Changes in environmental components, directly or indirectly, affect growth, development and reproduction
Classification
nature
Physical and chemical life
change
Primary pollutants have unchanged physical and chemical properties Secondary pollutants have different physical and chemical properties from primary pollutants
outcome
migrate
The physical and chemical properties remain unchanged, but the location and quantity change.
Classification
between media
Way
evaporation diffusion convection adsorption
Effect
Lower local pollutant concentrations
among living things
Way
food chain
Effect
Biomagnification effect, which increases the concentration of pollutants
Convert
Features
Transformed into another substance: secondary pollutant
Classification
chemical transformation
UV rays
Nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons - ozone, photochemical smog (peroxyacyl nitrates PANs are highly oxidizing)
Biotransformation
microorganism
Organic mercury Lipid soluble Highly neurotoxic
Impact of contaminant fate (migration and transformation) on environmental exposure
both sides
Environmental self-purification
Increased pollution and increased chances of exposure to environmental pollution
specific
scope
POPs persistent organic pollutants
concentration
biomagnification
way
Properties and toxicity
secondary pollutants
In vivo processes of pollutants (self-study)
Absorption: respiratory tract, digestive tract, skin
Distribution: target organ
Transformation: Phase I vs. Phase II Metabolism
Excretion: urine, feces, exhaled breath, excretory fluids
Factors affecting health damage
Physical and chemical properties
Toxicity (LD50), stability in the environment (biological half-life, mass)
POPs
definition
Features
Bioaccumulation, environmental retention, long-distance transport, strong toxicity
exposure dose
Exposed
internal exposure
biologically effective dose
exposure time
personal sensibility
Influencing factors
genetics
non-genetic
crowd
Sensitive groups
High-risk groups
High sensitivity and high exposure
Population Health Effect Spectrum
full crowd reaction
Discover sensitive indicators of early compensation
chemical combination
independent effect
1
Additive effect
2
Antagonism
1.5
synergy
5
Reinforcement
0 1=3
Isopropyl alcohol and carbon tetrachloride
Hazards to human health
Direct hazard (entering human body)
acute
definition
type
Chronic
definition
Low concentration for long time
mechanism
functional savings
material savings
type
non-specific
Typical representative
COPD Itai-itai disease (cadmium poisoning) Minamata disease (organic mercury poisoning)
The Dangers of Continuous Savings
It is accumulated and can be mobilized to cause damage when the body is abnormal.
placental barrier or lactation
forward
definition
It takes a longer incubation period to manifest
Classification
Carcinogenic
mutagenic
Teratogenicity
Exposure during pregnancy causes malformations in offspring
public nuisance disease
concept
public nuisance
public nuisance disease
Public nuisance incident
Features
Medical concepts plus legal meaning require strict identification and legal recognition
feature
Characteristics of the impact of environmental pollution on population health
Characteristics of environmental pollution diseases
Characteristics of public nuisance diseases
environmental pollution
Pollution factors are complex
Acute onset, successive onset, crisis for future generations
New disease, no cure
Indirect hazard (does not enter the human body)
greenhouse effect
Ozone layer destruction
acid rain
Atmospheric brown clouds
Measures to prevent and control environmental pollution
environmental planning
Environmental Legislation Management
technical measures
Eliminate and reduce pollution emissions
Conduct environmental and health research
risk assessment
content
Hazard identification
exposure assessment
dose-response relationship
Risk characteristic analysis
Purpose
Setting health standards Supervision Countermeasures and strategies Health monitoring