MindMap Gallery TOEFL root affixes 20000
TOFEL introductory vocabulary mind map, essential for going abroad, organized in alphabetical order starting from a. Friends who like it can give it a like!
Edited at 2022-03-18 09:26:08El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
TOEFL root affixes 20000
ambul (meaning to walk)
ambulant
a patient able to walk, not have to stay in the bed
ambulance
circumambulate
Circ
Circle
Circus
circus
In 1782, a British jockey named Hughes founded the Royal Circus. From then on, the word circus began to be used in the meanings of "circus", "circus" and "circus". Later, it was also often used to refer to "circular square" or "roundabout", such as Oxford Circus (Oxford Square) , Piccadilly Circus (Piccadilly Circus), etc., but the latter usage is limited to British English, and circle is mostly used in American English.
Circular
round
Circulate
loop, surround
ambulate = ring, around. . . And go
perambulate
per (meaning to run through, completely, from beginning to end)
ambulate=cruise, walk back and forth
Selectmen are required by law to perambulate the bounds every five years.
somnambulate
somn
Derived from Somnus, the ancient Greek god of sleep, therefore it means sleep.
Somnolent
sleepy
The sedative makes people very somnolent
Insomnia
Insomnious
ambulate=sleepwalking
anim (life, anger)
animal
animate
make full of life
A smile suddenly animated her face
animation
angry
Her face was drianed of animation and color
inanimate
lifeless
A man was lying inanimate on the floor
Magnificent
Magnificent
of great significance
animated
broad-minded
He was magnanimous in defeated and praised his opponent’s skill
Unanimous
Unity
animated
unanimous
In the end, Nixon accepted our unanimous advice without demur
demur n dissent dimer
Animosity
hate
I will never due to personal feelings,prejudices,animosity or friendship affect my law enforcement
avi (bird, desire)
avid
avidity
aviary
aviery
big birdcage
aviation
aviation aviation; flight
America’s Federal Aviation Administration Federal Aviation Administration.
aviator
pilot
pronounce "a" when expressing flight and "a" when expressing longing
bio (life, living thing)
biography
bio graph. biography
Biographer
Biochemistry
biochemistry
Autobiography
autobiography
Biosphere
biosphere
biocide
pesticides
cid-, cis-
cut open, kill
aborticide
abortion abort cide
abortion pill
bactericide
Fungicide
circumcise
circumcise
circumcisionv
concise
con (strengthen) cise
Succinct
deicide
dei cide
de-, dei- (god, divine) from Latin deus "god", divus "divine, god"
deiform
dei form (shape)
Godlike, divine.
define
deification
deify
the deification of medieval kings
deicide
god of death
divine
divine; God's love
microbe
micro be tiny➕life (microbe)
microorganism n.microorganism
cit (evoke, quote)
cite
quote; citation; (law) summons
I can cite quite a few instances to illustrate
praise
He was cited for bravary
Citation
What kind of citation you are going to get?
Incite
In cite (awaken inner desire to do bad things)
Just a few words will incite him into action
Excite
to excite, to excite
recite
recital
resuscitate
suscit
(to wake up from below) to revive, to revive
A policeman and a paramedic tried to resuscitate her
Solicit
Solid- soli- sol- sold- "solid, complete"
(Insist on disturbing, insist on summoning)
Fundraising
To solicit for money
prostitution
She was arrested for soliciting
card, cord=heart (heart, consistent)
cardiac
of heart
cardiac arrest
cordial
Enthusiastic
a cordial atmosphere
cordiality
enthusiastic
concord
con (common) heart n. agreement, agreement
eg: living in concord with neighboring states
discord
inconsistent
discordance
ann, enn=year, means "year, year"
annual
anniversity
annuity
annuity, pension
perennial
per (throughout, always) enn=long-lasting; recurring
the perennial problem of water
chron (table time)
In ancient Greek mythology, Chronos is the deity of time, symbolizing time that exists forever, has no beginning and no end, and exists forever. The Orpheus in ancient Greek mythology believed that Chronos was the original god, the first cause of the universe, and the source of chaos and order, from which the goddess Ananke was born, who became his spouse. Kronos is an invisible super god, or he may appear in the form of a snake. He has three heads: a human head, an ox head, and a lion head. In addition, there are countless other images, such as a winged green beard. The old man, the dragon surrounding chaos...etc. He and his consort Ananke coiled around the original world egg, and then separated the chaos to form heaven, earth, sea and sky. In Greek, Chronos' name means time, consisting of the stem chron- (time) and the noun suffix -us. The root word chron-, which means "time" in English, comes from this.
chronic
long term
a chronic shortage of housing in rural areas
Chronicle
chronicle
chronology
chronology; chronology
Historians seem to have confused the chronology of these events
Synchronize
syn-, sym- (meaning the same, common, symmetrical)
asymptotes
a (strengthen) sym (same) ptotes decrease = asymptote
lip-sync
Lip-syncing (lip-syncing)
She lip-synced to Beatles song
sympathise
sym path (feeling) = sympathy
sympathize
sympathy
synchronize
v. happen at the same time
chronograph
timer
fug—=flee
centrifuge
centri fuge
centrifuge
centrifugal
centrifugal
cenrtifugal force
centrifugal force
febrifuge
antipyretics
refuge
re (go back) fuge (escape) = refuge
She took refuge in a bomb shelter
fugitive
fugitive
insectifuge
anthelmintics
lucifugous
Dark
feb, fev (heat, fever) from French
February
February
fever
fever
febrifugal
feb fugal
antipyretic, antipyretic
febrifuge
antipyretics
her, hes=stick (stick)
From Latin "to stick, cling"
adhere
persist in
For ten years he adhered to a strict no-fat low-salt diet.
adhere, adhere
Once in the bloodstream, the bacteria adhere to the surface of the red cells.
adherence
His rigid adherence to old-fashioned ideas made him unpopular.
adherent
A follower (of an idea, a political party), a believer.
adhesion
adhesion, adhesive force
Better driving equipment will improve track adhesion in slipper conditions
adhesive
Adhesive glue
cohere
coherent, consistent
It can be difficult to get a group of people to cohere.
coherent
cohesion
inherent
hesitate
hesitation
Luc, lust
lucent
shiny, adj
the moon is lucent in the background.
It comes from Seraph Lucifer. Because Lucifer has a pair of beautiful wings, it is called its prefix to represent light.
lucid
Sober, clear-minded.
He has a few lucid moments every now and then.
Lucidity
clear, understand
elucidate
clarify
He elucidated a point of grammar.
elucidation
Their questions need more elucidation.
translucent
Allowing light o pass throw but not transparent.
noctilucent
noct lucent
noct
noct comes from the Latin nox, meaning night
noctambulate
sleepwalking
pernoctation
Staying up all night, insomnia
noctiflorous
flowering at night
noctiluca
firefly
glowing at night
luster
luster
lusty
adj energetic
lackluster
adj dull
lustrous
Describe hair soft and shining
Thick lustrous hair
illustrate
Vclarification
i consonant The same consonant indicates negation or emphasis, such as illegal
fer (bring) = bring, carry
confer
con (together) fer (to bring opinions) = to discuss
He wanted to confer with his colleagues before reaching a decision.
An honorary degree was recommended on him by oxford university in 2001
conference
n Large meeting
conference
n grant, issue
Oderiferous
smelly
Floriferous
carrying flowers
flor-, flour-
flour
Flour, figurative meaning from flower Pollen, essence
flourish
Prosperity
flour ish represents a verb, which is extended to bloom and prosper
Few businesses are flourishing in the current present economic climate
Deflorate
After the flowering period
defloration
n defile
an act of having sex with a woman so ending her virginity
Flora
n flora
floral
adj printed with flowers
a floral dress
Aquiferous
aqu-, aqua-:=water, indicating water.
aqualung
n water breathing apparatus
aquaplane
n. wakeboard
aquarium
n.Aquarium, smaller fish pond and the like
-arium (a noun, place. The plural is generally -a form)
oceanarium
large aquarium
cinerarium
ciner (ashes) arium ashes storage place
aqueduct
ditch, ditch
Defer
de- (meaning downward, strengthening, negating)
The department deferred the decision for six months
postpone
Deferment
postpone
Differ
different
differ from
Difference
Differentiate
What difference does it show?
The male’s yellow beak differentiates it from the female
the difference
It’s difficult to differentiate the two variety.
Infer
V inference
Inference
inference
There are two inferences to be drawn from her letter
Inferable
inferable
Inferential
inferential
Transferable
transferable
Circumference
all around, perimeter
The circumference of the earth.
Erg=energy,work(energy,activity)
能源
energy
Ergograph
Dynamometer
energize
give energy
a refreshing and energizing fruit drink.
Energy
Powerless
cell energy
apoptosis
an (meaning negation)
synergic
syn (meaning simultaneous, symmetrical)
Providing energy at the same time, indicating synergy
allergy
Allergy
al-, ali-, alter-, altru-, ulter- (other, changed state)
allergy: an abnormal reaction of the body to a vaccine In 1906, the Austrian pediatrician Pirquet discovered that many patients had severe pathological reactions when they were given a second injection of smallpox vaccine made from horse serum. He called this phenomenon allergy for the first time, which is composed of the Greek words allos (another) and ergon (activity, activity). Its original meaning is "abnormal reaction", and in my country it is translated as "allergy", that is, "allergic reaction". Pierquet is therefore internationally recognized as the father of anaphylaxis.
allergic
flu=flow, "flow"
fluid
n fluid
adj flowing
fluidity
n Liquidity
flush
v wash away with water
They flushed the drugs down the toilet.
v blush
She flushed with anger
flux
n constantly changing
Our society is in a state of flux
fluency
n language fluency, fluency
Fluency in French is required for this job.
affluent
adj wealthy
affluent wealthy country
affluence
rich
up to a point, influence succeeds.
confluent
converging
A kind of confluent tendency also appeared in the three systems
confluence
river convergence
gather, gather
a confluence of social factors.
effluent
nSewage (usually refers to the effluent of factory sewage)
effluence
flow out
The action of flowing out
influx
n inflow, influx
The sudden influx of visitors
refluent
Refluent acid
Re=return
superfluous
Adj Excessive.
He didn’t know how to deal with his superfluous energy
superfluity
n excess, too much
melifluous
adj sweet voice
mel fluous
mel (song) = means song. From Greek melos
melody
n tune, beautiful melody
melodist
n vocalist, composer
equ, equi=equal, even (meaning equal)
equal
adj equal
equality
n equal (equality in a non-mathematical sense, referring to equality of rights, status, etc.)
equal
v makes equal
Some parents equal education with exam success
equation
n equation
n treat equally
The equation of wealth with happiness can be dangerous
equal
an equal temperament
adequacy
adequate
adj appropriate
adj enough
The room was small and adequate
adj qualified
There is a lack of adequate provision for disabled students
equator
equatorial
equanimity
Calmness in times of trouble
She accepted the prospect of her operation with equanimity.
equilibrium
n balance
The point of which the solid and the liquid are in equilibrium is called the freezing point.
equity
n equity
n common stock
n fair, just
We based this call on grounds of social justice and equity
Equitable
adj fair, just
Establish fair and equitable salary system and excitation mechanism, and provide retirement and medical insurance welfare.
equivalent
Adj equal, equivalent
equivocal
hemming and hawing, ambiguous
He gave an equivocal answer, typical of a politician.
iniquity
injustice, evil
Liter=letter character
Literate
Literate
illiterate
i consonant The same consonant means negation
illiterate
Literacy
Literacy
A campaign to promote adult literacy.
illiteracy
illiterate
Literate
literature
literature
literary
obliterate
eliminate, erase
Everything that happened that night was obliterated fro her memory.
obliteration
N
ob- (originally like this), oc-, of-, op- (in the letters c, f, p) the b in front of them is assimilated into c, f, p. Meaning (in front of, opposite, against) (lack of supplement)
obdurate
ob (opposition) dur (firm): resolutely opposed = stubborn, stubborn
They argued,but he remained obdurate.
Even obdurate India has begun to look less of an outlier.
obfuscate
ob- (above, indicating emphasis)
fusc-=dark (black)
fuscin
Melatonin
fuscous
dark brown, black brown
Fuscous wearing
Subfusc
Under black, meaning close to black,
dark
As a noun, it means a black dress (worn by Oxford University students for exams and formal occasions)
means v to confuse, to confuse
They are obfuscating the issue, as only insurance companies can do.
obfusticated
adj confused, at a loss
objurgate
ob (table close)
jur (swear, law)
jury
jury
The cases will be decided by jury.
jurist
Jurist
jurisconsult
Jurist
jurisdiction
Jurisdiction
The cases fall outside of my jurisdiction
jurisprudence
jurisprudence, jurisprudence
He currently teaches family law and jurisprudence.
jurisprudent
proficient in law
Abjure
ab (meaning to leave) jure (to swear)
swear to give up
They were compelled to objure their faith.
Perjure
Swearing all the time shows untrustworthiness
perjury
The man scrupled to perjure himself.
nonjuring
adjrefusing to take an oath
Close to swearing, indicating cursing, reprimanding, censure
meter, metr, meas, mens=measure (measurement, measurement)
barometer
barometer
baro (gauge pressure) meter (measurement)
diameter
dia (between)
diameter
perimeter
perimeter
thermometer
thermometer
therm- (meaning heat)
geothermic
geothermal
The factory uses geothermic energy and natural lighting.
geothermal
geothermal
Some 70% of Icelands’ energy needs are met from geothermal sources.
geometry
geometry
symmetry
symmetry
The perfect symmetry of the garden design.
asymmetry
nAsymmetry
The prefix a means negation
immeasurable
immeasurable
immense
adj infinite vast
log, logu=speak (speak)
logic
logical
analogy
analogy
The teacher drew an analogy between the human heart and a pump.
Apologue
fable
catalog
dialogue
dia (between)
conversation
prologue
pro (in front of)
opening remarks
epilogue
epi(behind)
Epilogue, postscript
eulogy
Excellent, at best
praise n
Eulogize
v praise
monologue
monologue
memor=memory (meaning memory)
memory
memory
memorize
memory
immemorial
ancient, unrememberable
My family has lived in this area from the time immemorial
Memorandum
memorandum
commemorate
commemorate, remember together
Soci-, socio- (companion, extended to society)
sociable
adj sociable, sociable
A pleasant,sociable couple
Insociable
Sociability
Social
social, gregarious, sociable
social class
society
socialism
socialism
socialistic
adj
socialist
socialist
associate
a consonant The same consonant indicates emphasis
companion
one of his business associates
communicate, contact
I don’t like u associating with those people
I don’t associate him with energetic sports
United
an associate company in Japan
association
n association, association
The football association
Association
n union
Our sincerity invites the large dealers to join our network consortium.
consociate
dissociate
She tried to dissociate the two events in her mind
I wish to dissociate my self from Mr Li’s remarks.
Bundle. . . separation
clear-, clar-, clair-=bright (clearly understand)
clear
clarify
v clarify
She asked him to clarify what he meant.
Clarity
clear, clear
a lack of clarity in the law
declare
de means strengthen
I declare you man and wife
clairaudient
Someone with superhuman hearing
astro-, aster=star, means "stars, sky"
astronomy
astronomy means astronomy
nomy-=law, meaning "law", extended to management, used for the suffix -nomy=a field of knowledge
bionomy
Physiology
economy
economics
plutonomy
political economy
astronomy
astronomy
aster- (star): Astraeus, the god of the stars In Greek mythology, Astraeus was the son of Cleos, one of the Twelve Titans, and Eurybia, the goddess of the sea. He was in charge of the stars, and gave birth to four wind gods and numerous star gods with Eos, the goddess of dawn. Astraeus' name means "star" in Greek, and the root word astr- meaning "star" in English comes from this, with the variant aster-.
astrospace
universe space
astronaut
astronaut
astrophysics
astrophysics
astral
star, star-shaped
disaster
dis-bad aster star, the star position is not correct, indicating disaster
spir=breathe, means breathing
In the myth, after Prometheus created humans, humans were just a pile of mud that could walk independently, without breathing, spirit, or sticks. Later, Prometheus asked his good friend Athena to blow on all the clay figures, and then they became energetic.
aspire
a means to strengthen the tone
long for, aspire to
She aspired to be their next leader.
aspiration
desire, desire
aspiring
With a goal
He come from an aspring working-class family.
conspire
exhale together, conspire
U inspired with him against me, don’t u?
conspiracy
a conspiracy to overthrow the government.
expire
stop breathing, expire
ex-, outward, -spir, breathing, the etymology is the same as spirit, inspire. Originally refers to exhaling the last breath, dying
My passport expires next week.
expiration
Expiration
expire
Expiration
Your license can be renewed on expiry
inspire
Inspiring
The actor's enthusiasm inspired the kid.
Inhale
inspiration
Inhale
inspiration
perspire
sweating
He began to perspire heavily.
perspiration
sweating
respire
breathe
This demonstrates that plants inspire to consume oxygen.
respiration
breathe
dispirt
to discourage, to discourage
The army was dispirited by cold weather.
Transpire
Transpiration
reveal leak
It has transpired that the gang had had a contact inside the bank
spiritual
spiritual, religious
rect=stright, right "right, straight"
arrect
Ears erect, alert
correct
correct
direct
direct
erect
erect
erection
upright
erection of penis
rectangle
rectangle
rectangular
right angle
rectify
correct
to correct fault
rectitude
Upright
Li is the model of rectitude
recto
right page of book
recta
rectum
rectal
rectal
rectum
rectum
rid, ris=laugh (laugh)
deride
his views were derived for old-fashioned
derivation
he became an object of universal derivation
derisive
mocking, ridiculous
risible
Ridiculous, funny
a risible scene of lovemaking in a tent
ridicule
laugh at
ridiculous
Ridiculous
scribe,script (write)
describe
Scribe
scribe
(To put it humorously), it can also mean a reporter, which means a person who repeatedly chews rotten flowers.
script
program script
That bug is caused by an error in the script.
script
That line isn’t in the original script.
Scripture
The.Bible
Circumscribe
Draw the circumcircle of
Extended to limit, restrict (rights, freedom, etc.)
The power of the monarchy was circumscribed by the new law
Conscribe
conscription, conscription
script
n conscript; conscript
The scripts were treated as cannon fodder.
Cannon fodder
cannon fodder
V conscription
He was scripted into the army in 1939.
inscribe
carve
His name was inscribed on the trophy
trop-, tropy: =turn, the suffix tropy means turning, towards...
trope: trope, rhetoric.
Trope thoughts are of special value in the designation of news comments
tropic
regression line
The sun turns around the Tropic of Cancer, so tropic means Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Cancer
The tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn
the tropic of Capricorn
tropic - tropic comes from the Greek word tropikós. In fact, it is the same as trophy (trophy, trophy), which comes from the Greek root tropē 'turn' (turn, turn). Tropic is used to refer to the "tropical line" because the tropical tropic is the extreme position that the sun can reach. When the sun reaches here, it will either turn south or north. The Tropic of Cancer is called Tropic of Cancer in English, and the Tropic of Capricorn is called Tropic of Capricorn in English. The plural form of tropic, namely tropics, is used to refer to the area between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Cancer, that is, the "tropics."
Use tropics to represent the tropics
The ship is heading for the tropics.
trophy
trophy
trophy - The ancient Greeks attached great importance to the art of war and always celebrated every victory. After a battle, they often hang the captured enemy flags and trophies such as swords, spears and axes, helmets, armor and shields on branches, especially oak trees, and place some of the trophies under the trees. , dedicated to their patron saint, arranged a tree as if it were an armed soldier. This is in a sense equivalent to a victory monument, called a trópaion in Greek. The original meaning of the word is "turning point", because this kind of victory monument is always erected at the place where the enemy is defeated, that is, the place where the battle turns for the better. After the ancient Greeks won a naval battle, they often displayed the trophies, including the entire battleship or the bow, on the nearest beach and left them to die. Because these trophies were dedicated to the gods, destroying them would be tantamount to blasphemy. The ancient Romans had a similar custom, but they usually erected monuments in public places, especially in Rome. During the Empire, they were replaced by columns or triumphal arches. The English word trophy is derived from this Greek word, so its original meaning is also "victory monument". It first appeared in English in the 16th century. Later, it mostly referred to "trophy" or "victory souvenir". Finally, this meaning was extended to "prize" or "victory souvenir". "Trophy".
trophy: Victory means a turning point, so trophy has the meaning of victory, and later extended to spoils and prizes.
write
inscription
inscribed text, inscription
Your wedding ring can be engraved with a personal inscription at no extra cost.
manuscript
manu-, man-=hand means hand
amanuensis
a-strengthen, manu-means hand
ghostwriter, secretary
manuscript
manuscript, original manuscript
an unpublished manuscript
bimane
bi-two man—hand
Animal with tired hands
emancipate
e-same as ex-outward, man-hand, cip-grip, take, etc.
It means release and liberation.
Slaves were not emancipated until 1863 in the US.
manacle
Manacle something, indicating handcuffs, handcuffs.
His hands were manacled behind his back.
maneuver
exercise
Allied troops begin maneuvers tomorrow to show how quickly forces could be mobilized in case of a new invasion.
manicure
Manicure (fingernails)
I have a manicure and a pedicure every week.
manual
manual
manufactory
manufacturing plant,factory
manufacture
Manufacture, manu-hand fact-do.
masturbate
Masturbation
Sheldon: Well, today we tried masturbating for money.
postscript
(written on the back) P.S.
prescribe
write a prescription
prescription
prescription
subscribe
subscription
transcribe
record, copy
Clerks transcribe everything that is said in court.
stell=star, star
constellate
Forming a constellation, a gathering of heroes
The poets constellate in this town every summer.
Steller
Brilliant, starry.
The company’s stellar growth.
Constellation
constellation
Aries
Aries
3.21-4.19
Taurus
Taurus
4.20-5.20
Gemini
Gemini
5.21-6.21
Cancer
Cancer
6.22-7.22
Leo
Leo
7.23-8.22
Virgo
Virgo
8.23-9.22
Libra
Libra
9.23-10.23
Scorpio
Scorpio
10.24-11.22
Sagittarius
Sagittarius
11.23-12.21
Capricorn
Capricorn
12.22-1.19
Aquarius
aquarius
1.20-2.18
Pisces
Pisces
2.19-3.20
A gathering of talented people
stelliform
star shaped
stellify
make a star
mob=move (move)
immobile
Still, motionless.
She stand immobile by the window.
mobility
mobility
moblize
concentrate, mobilize
automobile
car
mob
mob
mobbish
riotous
mobster
gangster, gangster
demote
Downgrade
The club was demoted at the end of last season.
vad, vas=go, (go)
evade
escape
She is trying to evade all the responsibility pushed on her.
He evaded capture for three days
invade
Invasion
He mobilized soldiers to fight the invading army.
evasion
escape, excuse
invasion
Invasion
pervade
pervade, spread over
The entire house was pervaded by a sour smell.
pervasion
pervisive
soph=wise (wisdom)
sophomore
Sophomore
freshman
sophomore
Junior
Senior
Sophie
Sophie, the world of Sophie, a name, indicating wisdom, an introduction to philosophy
Sophist
A learned person; a sophist.
sophists come from socrates
Scientist
artist
dentist
feminist
feminist
antagonist
rival, opponent
Sophism
sophistry
socialism
socialism
capitalism
capitalism
metrialism
materialism
atheism
atheism
the-, thea-god
pantheon
pantheon, pantheon
pan (broad) the on (noun suffix)
pan-, pant- means all extensive
pantropic
throughout the tropics
panorama
pan-all orama=panorama, full view
panoply
Full armor, fully armed
panoramic
panoramic
panoramic photos panoramic photos
sophisticate
-isticate
compound suffix
-cate verb suffix
The suffix -ic indicates an adjective or position
fanatic
Fanatic
critic
critic
apathetic
emotionless
-etic compound suffix
et means small things
closet
closet
Make it refined and sophisticated
sophisticated
Sophisticated
philosophy
philosophy
philo-=love, love
spect, spic=look, look
respect
re (repeat) spect (look)
respect
expect
ex (look outward)
expect
inspect
in (inward) look
inspect; inspect
The teacher walked around inspecting their work
aspect
aspect, field
The book aims to cover all aspects of city life.
Looks like, foreign trade
His aspect was frightening
circumspect
(look around), means cautious
Careful
Prudent
Cautious
Discreet
He has always very discreet about his love affairs
The bank should have been more circumspect in their dealings
circumspection
Be cautious and careful.
prospect
pro - look forward, look
outlook, prospect
prospective
-ive, noun adjective suffix
fugitive
fugitive
native
local, native
naive
Naive
pervasive
pervasive, ubiquitous
repulsive
Disgusted
Ending with e, e affects the pronunciation. If there is e and the original sound next to it, it will be pronounced as an alphabetical sound.
cute
cut
prospectus
plan, outline
pro-forward
procedure
pro-forward, ced-, ceed-go, ure noun suffix
Procedure flow chart
prognosis
predict
respectable
respectable (guest)
respectful
With all due respect, (Lord)
retrospect
Retro-: means backward, backward, before.
retrospect
review, recall
In retrospect, I think I’m wrong.
retrorocket
brake rocket
Because the braking rocket will move backward, it will brake in space according to the conservation of momentum.
retrospective
Involving the past and having retrospective effect
legislation retrospective
He wrote retrospectively about her childhood.
retrofit
Renovation
damaged houses have been repaired, roads repaved, and buildings retrofitted
retrograde
The closure of the factory is a retrograde step.
retrogress
After the Crisis, the economics of developing countries would usually retrogress to where they were 10years or even decades ago.
gress - go
progress
aggressive
Aggressive, aggressive.
congress
congress, forum
regress
regress, alleviate
Many of the symptoms will regress or disappear.
Suspect
Suspect
suspicious
Suspicious (main)
doubtful
suspicious
suspicion
Suspect
spectacle
Wonderful, spectacular.
acle - noun suffix, something
miracle
obstacle
manacle
spectacular
adj spectacular
spectacular scenery. spectacular scenery
spectator
Spectators, spectators of sports events
speculate
speculation
speculation
speculation
conspicuous
eye-catching
Despicable
Worthy of contempt (guest)
The desirable treatment to animals.
despise
v despise
He despise gossip in any form
perspicacious
keen, insightful
It is very perspicacious of you to find out the problem so quickly
rad, ras=scrape, (scrape)
erase
eraser
abrade
to be scratched (skin)
The skin of her leg was abraded by the sharp rock
abradant
sandpaper
abrasive
With polishing effect
raze
The village was razed to the ground.
razor
Limit-limit=threshold, means "threshold, limit"
eliminable
Excludeable
threshold
n threshold; doorway
But the threshold for regulation is high.
eliminate
exclude, eliminate
He was eliminated in the first round of voting.
preliminary
preparatory, preliminary
After a few preliminary remarks he announced the winners
subliminal
Subconscious; subconscious. (restricted below, meaning unconscious)
Our influence, however subliminal, forms the basic scaffolding of who they will become
limit
sublime
sublime; magnificent
sublime beauty
sublimity
Sublime
delimit
v draw boundaries
We need to delimit the scope of our discussion.
sublimate
sublimation
The erotic impulse is sublimated into art.
ero-:=love, meaning "sex, love"
erogenous
ero sex gen produces ous
body parts, sexually sensitive
The hidden male erogenous zones
eros
Eros, sexual instinct
erotic
erotic
erotomania
nymphomaniac
per-, pir, par-=try (try)
experience
experiment
peril
n Serious danger (there is danger only if you try)
The country’s economy is now in grave peril
empirical
Empirical; based on experiments
There is no empirical evidence to support his thesis.
empiricism
Empiricism
empiric
empiricist
path-=feeling, suffering, means "feeling, suffering (pain)"
antipathetic
anti (reverse) path (familiarity) etic (unable to feel together, empathy) means disgusting, out of place
She was antipathetic to morden ways of education
apathetic
indifferent
The illness made her apathetic and unwilling to meet people.
pathetic
Worthy of sympathy, worthy of pity (guest)
compassionate
Compassionate (Lord)
antipathy
Disgusted
she'd often spoken of her antipathy towards London
sympathy
Sympathy
sympathetic
Compassionate (Lord)
pathology
pathology
psychopath
'psychopath
psychopath, psychopath
electropathy
electrotherapy
lingu=language (language, original meaning is tongue)
linguist
linguist
linguistics
linguistics
economics
physics
pediatrics
Pediatrics
ped-:=foot (foot)
biped
biped
centiped
Centipede
pedicure
Trim toenails
ped-:=child, education, extended to education
cyclopaedia
encyclopedia
cyclo (ring) paed (education) ia (noun suffix)
cyclopedia
encyclopedia
encyclopedia
He was a walking encyclopedia.
pediatric
children's, pediatric
iatr-=healing (indicating treatment)
iatrical
medical, medical
genetics
bilingual
bilingual
She is bilingual in both Chinese and English.
Unilingual
multilingual
Multilingual
He recruited two multilingual engineers
sublingual
Sublingual
doc-doct-:=teach (teach)
doctrine
doctrine, doctrine, doctrine
the doctrine of socialism
document
docile
easily tamed
A docile horse
Docility
docile, obedient (servile)
I am always surprised at the docility our pupils show when published
indocile
Difficult to discipline
The student of average middle school is really indocile
Doctrinaire
dogmatic
A doctrine communist
doctoral
Ph.D., doctorate, related to doctorate
doctoral thesis
fract-, fric-, frag-=break (break)
fraction
part; piece; fraction; decimal
Only a small fraction of a bank’s deposits will be withdrawn at any one time.
decision
concise
consolation
Comfort and condolences
sol-:=comfort, expressing comfort
console
comfort
Noting could console him when his wife died
console
You will be in charge of console
consolation
words of comfort
a few words of consolation
convocation
convene
voc-, vok-, vouc-, voic-, vow-: = call, voice (call, sound)
convoke
Convene (con all voke (call) call all together = convene)
The mayor convoked a committee to discuss te beautification of the city
convocation
the act of convoking
equivocal
He gave an equivocal answer, typical of politicians
equivocate
To beat around the bush, to prevaricate, to hesitate.
He is equivocating a lot what is going to happen if there are elections
evoke
cause, evoke (feelings, memories)
The music evoked memories of her youth
invocation
Ask for help, ask for forgiveness, pray (shout inward, meaning to pray, ask for God’s forgiveness)
an invocation to divine guidance
Please stand and pledge the flag, after which Tylor will give the invocation
invoke
quote; cite (=cite)
He invoked several eminent scholars to back up his argument
provoke (shouting one-sidedly) to provoke, provoke
Don’t provoke him into anger
revoke
re (return) voke (call) = take back what you said, undo and cancel
The government revoked her license.
Vocal
voice, sound
advocate
advocacy
advocate; defend; defend
Fractional
very small, very few; trivial
a fractional decline in earnings
fractious
irritable; easily agitated
(Broken, easily angry or prone to throwing things when angry)
Children often get fractious and tearful when tired.
fracture
fracture
a fracture of leg
diffract
Diffraction, (di separate)
infraction
Violate the law (break the established rules)
He committed a serious infraction of the national Statue of Secrecy
refract
re (re go back) fract (break) = light hits the flat edge, the light is broken, part of it is refracted and part of it is reflected
refraction
refraction
refractory
refractory (continuously breaking other people's wishes, meaning stubborn)
He is fractory priests who refused to side with the king
fragile
fragile
fragility
fragile, breakable
fragment
fragments
contra-:=against (opposite, against)
contraband
contra (oppose) ban- (forbidden) = violation of prohibition = contraband, adj embargoed
Most of the markets were flooded with contraband goods
contraception
contraceptive methods
to give advice about contraception
contradict
(To say the opposite) Refute
contradictory
contradictory
We are faced with two apparently contradictory statements
contraindicate
Contraindications (drugs or treatments)
Oppose to point out (object to pointing out a certain drug to treat a disease)
This drug is contraindicated in patients with asthma
dict, dic=say, declare (speak, assert)
contradict
refute
dictate
dictation
dictionary
predict
prophecy
indict
(To one's own (lawyer)) sue, accuse
The senator was indicated for murder
jurisdiction
Jurisdiction
benediction
bene (good) dict (say) best wishes = best wishes
please accept my benediction
valediction
vale-=farewell, goodbye
vale (farewell) dict (say) ion noun suffix
Farewell words
He gave a touching valediction at the graduation
valedictory
a valedictory speech
diction
articulation, pronunciation
Clear diction
dictum
famous saying, motto
She reminded us of Barnum’s dictum: You could sell anything to anybody if you marketed is right.
Verdict
ver-:=ture (true)
veracious
Ver (real) acious (of a nature)
precise
This technique can show image quickly and veraciously
veracity
truth, authenticity
They questioned the veracity of her story
verify
Confirm
veridical
Not hypocritical, honest
The victim is able to provide vertical testimony
veritable
worthy of the name, real
This is a veritable fairland
ver (truth) dict (say), tell the truth =n judgment, ruling, decision (after careful consideration)
Has the jury reached a verdict?
vindictive
trying to harm sb because u think that they have harmed U
vin-vis=force (strength)
Vindicate
Same as justify: confirm
I have every confidence that this decision will be vindicated
proven innocent
New evidence emerged, vindicating him completely
vindicable
defensible
vindicability
Justifiable
addiction
addict
abdicate
ab (leave) dic (speak) ate verb suffix - no longer command = abdicate
The old must abdicate new
indictment
sue
indicate
dedicate
dedicate, contribute
He dedicated herself to her work
pel, puls=drive, push, means drive, push
peal(cn)
Loud bells
A peal of bell rang out
appeal
peal: a bell used by a church to call believers to events In Christian societies, churches regularly hold various religious activities. Whenever an event is about to begin, the church will ring the bell to notify believers and call them to participate in the event. This kind of bell is called a peal in English, which is usually thought to be derived from the word appeal (call, request), because the bell is used to appeal believers to church.
Attract v n
The design has to ape all the ages and social groups
sue v n
He said he would ape after being found guilty for four counts of murder
appellant
appellant
appellee
Appellee
Compulsion
com (common) pul (push) = universal policy (mandatory) implemented jointly
You are under no compulsion to pay immediately
Compulsive
Can't stop
(I force myself, I can’t stop)
She watched him compulsively
Compulsory
What must be done due to laws or rules
It is compulsory for all motorcyclists to wear helmet
expulsion
push outward to expel
These events led to the expulsion of senior diplomats from the country.
expulsive
expel
expel
compel
force
impel
(inner push) push, inspire
He felt impelled to investigate further
impulse
impulse driven
A sudden impulse to laugh
pulse
pulse, pulse
dispel
dis (separate) pel (push): dispel, eliminate (a feeling or belief)
His speech dispelled any fears about his speech
propel
previously pushed, pushed, driven (physical, external)
He succeeded in propelling the ball across the line
propeller
Propellers (cars, ships, etc.)
propulsion
driving force
repel
repel, expel
re (return) pel (push) = push back, repel and expel
to repel an attack
expel
a pesticide that repels insects
repulse
n repel repel
repulsive
adj disgusting (want to repel him)
What a repulsive man
vent=come, means "come"
advent
ad (strengthen) vent = to appear, to arrive
the advent of new technology
Advent
adventitious
advent: the two comings of Christ According to Christian teachings, Jesus Christ came to the world twice. The first time was when he was born, and he used his life to atone for the sins of mankind. The second time is before the end of the world, when He will come again to the world. In order to commemorate the coming of Jesus Christ, Christians call this period "Advent" four weeks before Christmas, from the first Sunday to Christmas Eve, and use it to prepare to celebrate the coming of Jesus. The English word advent has a special meaning in Christianity, which means "the coming of Jesus". It comes from the Latin adventus, which evolved from the combination of ad (to) venire (come). Later, the word was gradually used in other fields to express the arrival or occurrence of unusual people or things.
foreign, accidental
A series of adventitious accidents
adventure
adventurous
adventurer
circumvent
(Go around in circles) Try to avoid it
They find a way to circumventing the law
convention
(come together), assembly meeting
(to make rules together), custom; agreement
social conventions
the Geneva convention
inventory
inventory
an inventory of the museum’s contents
invent
Invention (internal, inspiration comes)
subvention
Grant
tort-:=twist means twist
contort
crooked, twisted
contorted limbs
distort
dis-separate tort twist, (twisted almost apart) = completely twisted
distort
This article gave a distorted picture of her childhood
torture
torture
torment
something that causes pain
torque
Torque
tortile
twisted, curved, rolled
torch
torch
Torch: a torch made of twisted hemp rope by ancient people Ancient Westerners soaked hemp rope in wax oil, and then twisted the two strands of hemp rope into one to make a lighting object. It was called torca or torqua in Latin, from the Latin verb torquere (to twist), and entered English through French. The spelling evolved into torch.
extort
blackmail; rob
The gang extorted money from over 30 local businesses
retort
refute
‘Don’t be ridiculous’.He retorted angrily
serv-=serve: indicates service
deserve
worth
dessert
des (same sound as dis negation)
dis sert, (to stop serving, to serve dessert after a meal) means dessert
Shall we move on to dessert
disserve
(Not serving, means not helping) It is not helpful, harming
serf
serf; slave
servile
Slavish, overly submissive, lack of independence
They said he had a servile attitude towards her employer
servitude
Slavery; the state of being at one's disposal
Criminals could at one time be sentenced to penal servitude
serv-: keep
conserve
Save (extended to save)
help conserve energy by insulating your home
keep
conservation
Protect
Maintain (extended to save)
To encourage the conservation of the water
conservative
Conservative
preserve
preserve, maintain...the original state
He was anxious to preserve his reputation
reserve
Reserve for storage
Reserve
I’d like to reserve a table for three for 8 o’clock
duc-, duct-:=to lead "guide, bring"
abduct
ab (leave) duct (guide) = (lead away), abduct
She was charged for abusing a six-month-old child
aqueduct
water pipe, ditch
aque (water) duct (guide) = water pipe
deduct
de (down) duct (lead) = pull down means deduct
Ten points will be deducted for a wrong answer
introduce
introduction
introduce
introductive
preface
oviduct
oviduct
ovum
egg
ova
plural of ovum
product
(forward guidance) product, product
The product of 11 and 11 is 121
reduce
reduce
reduction
reduce
reductor
reducer
seduce
seduce, seduce
seduction
charm
seductive
seductive, attention-grabbing
viaduct
viaduct
ventiduct
vanitation pipe
conduce
beneficial to
conclusion: pressure, to some extent, causes to push people
conduct
con (together) duct (guidance) = organization, arrangement, implementation, trip
The negotiations have been conducted in a positive manner
behavior, performance
He himself conducted far better than expected
Conduction (electricity, heat, etc.)
educate
educate
ductile
ductile
Steel in this class is tough, ductile and easily machined
seg-, sect-;=cut "cut, cut"
bisect
A diameter is a line that bisects a circle
equal parts
dissect
Anatomy
Detailed study (look at it in detail)
Her latest novels was dissected by critics
midsection
upper abdominal part
section
cuttable
section
part
sector
sector
segment
part, fragment
secant
secant
cosec
cosecant
gar-:=furniture (decoration)
Garniture
decorations, accessories
garish
dressed in fancy clothes
They climbed the garish purple- carpeted stairs
garment
clothing
Garnish
decoration
pur-purg-:=pure (pure, purified)
purgatory
purgatory: a place where sinful souls are purified The word purgatory is originally a Christian term, referring to the place where the soul is "tempered" and "purified" after death. The word purgatory has the same origin as pure, coming from the Latin purus (pure), which literally means "a place of purification." "Purgatory" was one of the divisive doctrines during the Great Schism. Since purgatory has no basis directly from the Bible, it is not accepted by most Orthodox, Protestant and emerging religions of the Christian faith, and is only accepted as a creed by the Catholic Church. According to Catholicism, after people believe in Christ, their souls can be saved and they can ascend to heaven after death. However, if there are still unatoneable sins during life, or if the sins are not fully repented, the soul cannot go to heaven immediately after death, but must first be purified in purgatory. Dante mentioned in "The Divine Comedy" that there are nine levels of purgatory. Souls that have committed sins during their lifetime but can be forgiven can confess their sins and cleanse their souls there respectively according to the seven major sins of mankind. In 1095, in order to encourage the Crusaders, Pope Urban II promised in a speech that those who participated in the Holy War could shorten the time of suffering in purgatory, and those who lost their lives could go directly to heaven without going through purgatory. Now, purgatory not only means "purgatory", but is often used to describe training and temporary suffering.
His experience this time was like going through purgatory, he had suffered a lot
purge
cleanse, tidy up
a purge of military commanders
pure
impure
expurgate
delete, revise
purify from outside
Most chilren read an expurgated version of Grimms’ fairy tale
purity
pure, pure
purist
purist
Puritan
Puritan
purgation
Clear
purgative
laxative
laxative
pen-, pun-:=penalty, meaning "punishment"
penance
atonement, remorse
as a penance for his sins
Hard work
she regards her living in New York as a penance; she hates big cities.
penal
criminal law, punishable
Criminals could at one time be sentenced to penal servitude.
penalty
punish
The penalty for traveling without a ticket is 200 dollars
penalize
punishment v
U will be penalized for poor spelling.
penitent
Regretful, repentant
he sat penitently in his chair by the window
repent
repent
God welcomes people who repents
punish
impunity
Impunity
These gangs operate with apparent impunity
tact-, tag-, tig-, ting-:=touch means "contact"
tactual
The most amazing tactual act
tactile
tactile
tactile
tactile stimuli
tactility
touch
The soft and elastic blue glial innovation of material, tactility gentleness, the biggest advantage is not easy to be damaged.
intact
in (negative) tact=untouched, complete
His reputation survived intact
tact
witty, sophisticated
She is not exactly known for her tact
contagion
Contact infection
There is no risk of contagion.
I'm a blood donor; I can't risk any contagion.
contagious
contagious
Some diseases are contagious, like colds, flu, and chicken pox.
tangible
Tangible
intangible
invisible
sper=hope
Desperation
despair
desperado
outlaw
despair
despair, disappointment
prosper
(There is hope ahead) Prosperity
The high street banks continue to prosper
prosperous
prosperous prosperous
prosperity
prosperity
asperity
Strict, rough (treating harshly and harshly in order to strengthen hope)
He pointed this out with some asperity
gnos(t), gnor=know(know)
gnosis
gnosis, gnosis
Secondly, gnosis should be attained by not blind faith of authority and book
diagnosis
know between (between two points of the body)
diagnosis
They are waiting for the doctor’s diagnosis
prognosis
(to be known before) predict, prophesy
The prognosis is for more people work part-time in the future
prognostic
predicted
omen
He regards the bad weather as a prognostic of failure
agnostic
Agnostic, agnostic (one who believes that whether God exists or not is unknowable)
Vasari claimed with horror that he was,if not an atheist, then an agnostic
Comparative (atheist) atheist
ignorance
ignore
greg=group (group)
gregarious
gregarious; gregarious
They are gregarious birds and feed in flocks
aggregate
(strengthen, group =) total; total
The population aggregates a billion people
aggregation
Aggregate
congregate
gather, gather
Young people often congregate in the main square in the evenings
disaggregate
break down
egregious
(e out of gregious = out of the group, originally meant to stand out from the crowd, now derogatory, meaning extremely bad
Better technology and stricter rules have made egregious doping harder
segregate
Separate, isolate (se (separate) group, divided into different populations, meaning isolation)
a culture in which women are segregated from the men
segregation
isolation
cred-=believe believe
credibility
credibility, authenticity; trust
They could give no credence to the findings of the survey
credit
credit; lender
credible
trustworthy(customer)
Her claims seem credible to many
accredit
Appoint, delegate (ac strengthens trust = entrusting someone to do something.)
He was accredited to Madrid
Bundle. . . attributed to
The Arabs are usually accredited with the discovery of distillation
discredit
discredit
a discredited government
credulous
credulous gullible, easily deceived (lord)
Mary is so credulous that she may readily accept any excuse you make.
incredible
distrustful, doubtful
incredulity
Not gullible, disbelieving, doubtful.
forc-fort:=strong means strong
forceful
Powerful
a powerful personality
enforce
Enforcement (in a legal sense)
It's the job of the police to enforce the law
You can’t enforce cooperation between the players
reinforce
(Re in (enter, inject) force = strengthen; make stronger)
Such jokes tend to reinforce racial discrimination
fort
fortress, fortress
The attack succeeded, and the fort was taken
fortress
castle, fortress
Fear of terrorist attack has turned the conference center into a fortress.
fortify
(castle) means to build a wall to strengthen it physically or spiritually
A fortified town
fortitude
Courage shown in the face of great difficulties=courage
effort
comfort
The power of togetherness (powerful and comfortable)
comfortable
discomfort
claim,clam=shout "call shout"
clamor
noisy, uproar
The clamor of traffic has receded to a distant murmur.
clamorous
noisy, noisy
They are clamorous for better pay.
acclaim
Give high praise (strongly speaking)
People acclaimed his historic decision.
acclamation
(verbal) Agree
The decision was taken by acclamation.
declaim
de (downward) claim (speak) = (in front of the public) impassioned preaching, impassioned speech (think of Hitler)
He declaimed against the evils of alcohol.
declaration
impassioned speech
Were you present at the declamation contest of Freshmen?
exclaim
Scream (said suddenly to others due to emotional excitement)
'I'm rich!' she exclaimed, waving the money under his nose.
exclamation
scream, sigh
proclaim
declare; declare
The president proclaimed a state of emergency.
proclamation
announce, announce
reclaim
take back, take back
U have to go to the police station to reclaim your wallet
reclamation
reclaimed marshland
clear, clar-, clair=clear (clearly understand)
clearance
Permission (clear answer)
Clear
clarify
(make others understand) clarify
The aim of this initial meeting is to clarify the issues
clarity
Clear, understand, clarity of picture
clarification
clarify, explain
I'd like to ask Mr. Park a clarification question.
declare
claim
declaration
claim
clairaudient
Someone with superhuman hearing
err=wander,mistake
errant
(Behaving inappropriately and out of line beyond the expectations of others)
She went to Paris to bring her errant son
erratum
Errata (listed at the back of the book)
erroneous
erroneous conclusions
Incorrect
erratic
Uncertain; irregular (anything that keeps wandering is irregular)
The electricity supply here is erratic
aberrant
Violating the rules (ab opposite, err wandering = abnormal)
aberrant behavior
aberration
abnormal behavior
inerrancy
No errors, absolutely correct
error
inerrable
Can't be wrong
unerring
always correct
She had an unerring instinct for a good business deal
erring
err
sol-=sun (sun), comfort (comfort)
insolate
Exposure to the sun
insolate in the sun to distinct
parasol
para-(protection) sol-(sun) = parasol
parasol - Parachutes were originally used for sports and lifesaving for pilots, and later were widely used for airdropping supplies and airborne personnel, recovering aircraft or sounding instruments, etc. The earliest use of parachutes was at the end of the 18th century. The first people to perform parachuting were the French. The word parachute used to mean "parachute" is originally French. In French, para- means warding off (prevention, avoidance), and chute means fall (fall, descent), so parachute literally means "preventing landing", but it is translated as "parachute" in Chinese. When used as a verb, it means "parachute jump", "parachute drop" or "air drop". There is also a word parasol in English, whose structure is very similar to parachute. Parasol means "(female) parasol". It is derived from the Italian parasole, which is composed of para- 'warding off' (prevention, avoidance) and sole 'sun' (sun). Literally speaking, it means "protection from the sun" mean. The French word parapluie, which means "umbrella", has roughly the same structure and literally means "protection from rain".
para-: means "protection, shelter"
parachute
parachute
paradise
Eden, paradise
paradrop
airdrop
paratroop
Paratroopers
solarium
Solarium
arium - means place
Memories: aquarium
aquarium
solar
of the sun, from the sun
solarize
To cause overexposure to the sun, to overexpose (a photograph)
console
comfort
solace
comfort, consolation
He sought solace in the whiskey wine
solatium
Alimony
cruc, crus, crux=cross (cross, cross)
crucial
crucial - the word is borrowed from the French crucial, but its ultimate etymology is the Latin crux/crucis 'cross' (cross). Originally in the 18th century, crucial was used as an adjective for cross, meaning "cross-shaped" (cross-shaped), mainly used in anatomical terms, such as crucial incision (cross-shaped incision), crucial scar (cross-shaped scar). The modern meaning of crucial came into being in the 19th century. Francis Bacon (1561-1626), a British philosopher, master of English language, and founder of British materialism and experimental science, used the phrase instantia crucis 'instance of the' in a philosophical paper written entirely in Latin published in 1620. The phrase cross', in which crucis is crux, originally meant a signpost at a fork in the road. Bacon used this phrase to refer to an instance that proves two hypotheses, one right and the other wrong. Just like when a person comes to a fork in the road, the sign will tell him which way to go. Experiments can prove which of the two opposing hypotheses is correct. Instantia crucis is translated into English as crucial instance. Later, the British chemist, physicist and natural philosopher Robert Boyle (1627-1691) and the British physicist, mathematician and astronomer Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) also used a similar The Latin phrase "experimentum crucis" is translated into English as "crucial experiment". After Bacon and others used it in this way, critical was given the meanings of "key", "decisive", "vital" and other words we still use today. (see crux)
cruciform
cross-shaped
crucify
Crucifixion
Crusade
Crusades
Soldiers carry crosses (all are followers of Jesus)
crusader
Crusader
excruciation
excruciate
torture, torture
He excruciate the life's aim, but cannot help the infinity of the time and space, the insignificant of the life, he was analyzing the antinomy of life, seeking ask for the psychic end-result.
excruciating
enduring severe pain
cruise
cruise
a luxury cruise ship
cruiser
cruise ship, cruise aircraft, patrol car
crux
cross, key, puzzle
Where dose the crux lie
fall, fail, fault=err, deceive (make a mistake, cheat)
fallacy
error
It is a fallacy to say that the camera never lies
fallacious
fallacious (guest)
a fallacious argument
fallible
Fallible (Lord)
Humans are fallible
infallible
Infallible, always correct
falsify
forge, distort, lie
The file was altered to falsify the evidence
falsehood
false
falsification
distort, distort
failure
fail
fault
mistake
default
breach of contract
Strengthening deception = breach of contract
Mortgage defaults have risen in the last year
default value
pend-, pens, pond=weight, expand (weighing silver, extended to expenses)
compendious
concise, concise
He made a compendious introduction to our class
compendium
compilation, summary
compensable
compensable
compensate
com (all) pens (expense) = all the money spent will be compensated, indicating compensation.
Nothing can compensate for the loss of a loved one
dispensability
Unnecessity.
dispensable
unimportant, dispensable (distributable and therefore not essential)
They looked on music and art lessons as dispensable
dispensary
Pharmacy, a place to get medicine
dispense
dispense: a charter issued by a Christian church The English word "dispense" comes from the Latin word "dispensare", which is the repeated verb form of "dispendere". It is composed of dis (out) and pendere (weighing). The literal meaning is "distribution by weight", so the original meaning of the English word "dispense" is "distribution, distribution". From this, words such as dispenser (distributor, pharmacist, vending machine) and dispensary (pharmacy, clinic, prevention and treatment station) are derived. However, in dictionaries, dispense has another more commonly used meaning, namely "exemption, exemption". How did this meaning of the word come about? It turns out that in the medieval Christian church, the church and the bishop had the right to issue a kind of charter. Those who had this permission had the privilege to do something that was originally prohibited, or to be exempted from doing something that was originally necessary. The Latin dispatche is often used to denote the distribution of such charters. Since this kind of charter can "immune, exempt" the holder from guilt or responsibility, the word "dispendere" also derives the meaning of "immunity, exemption". The English word "dispense" derived from this word naturally inherits this concept. Meanings.
allocate, distribute
The machine dispenses a range of drinks
Dispensing medicine
to dispense a description
dispensation
Absolution granted by religious leaders
She needs a special dispensation to get married
dispensatory
Same as dispensary pharmacy
expand
spend
Don’t expend all your energy on such a useless job.
expense
fees, expenses
expenditure
expenses, expenses, consumption amount
pension
Pension, annuity (something that costs every year)
expensive
brooding, melancholy
Jan looked expensive
ponder
ponder, consider
She pondered over his words
ponderous
Slowly (thinking about every action for a long time)
She watched the cow’s ponderous progress
acid-, acri-, acrid, acu=sour, sharp (meaning sharp, acid)
acerb
Acerbic, mean
However this is not acerb, the contradiction that coordinate
acid
acid
acrid
acrid - It is said that about three hundred years ago, a British chemist was thinking hard to find a word that could express the meaning of bitterly pungent (both bitter and pungent). The first things that came to mind were acrimonious (spicy) and acid (bitter). So, he simply condensed the first part of the former and the tail of the latter into one word, which is acrid.
spicy, bitter
acrid smoke from the burning tires
acute
Very serious
acute pain
acute
acute appendicitis
acute angle
acuity
Highly sensitive, sharp thinking, vision, and hearing
We worked on improving visual acuity
acidulous
Sour
pet-: seek (pursuit, pursuit)
petition
Petition (status pursued)
a petition against experiments on animals
petitory
Ownership requirements
appetence
(strengthen pursuit) = strong desire, desire
When your ability to pay greater than your appetence, you are rich
appetency
desire, instinct, desire
appetent
desire
appetite
appetite, appetite
appetizer
Appetizer
appetizing
appetite stimulating
centripetal
Centripetal
centripetal acceleration centripetal acceleration
compete
compete
competent
capable
competence
ability
competitive
Competitive
perpetual
permanent
petulant
petu ant (there are many people pursuing her, so she has a bad temper) = bad temper
He picked the pen up with a petulant gesture
sid-sed-sess=seat (sit)
assess
Evaluate (step up, sit there)
assess: sit next to a judge and calculate the amount of a fine or tax In ancient Western courts, in addition to the clerk and other staff sitting next to the judge, there was also an auxiliary person whose job was to help the judge calculate the amount of fines or taxes that the parties should pay. Because he sat next to the judge and performed the calculation, the calculation process was called assessare in Latin, derived from the verb besidere (to sit aside). After entering English, it evolved into assess, which was originally used to indicate the determination of a fine or tax. The meaning of the word was later expanded and can be used to express other calculations and evaluations related to amount or value.
obsess
(Sitting opposite the girl) Fascinated
He’s obsessed by computer
session
period, court session, semester
assidulity
diligent
assiduous
(Always sitting) Diligent
He was assiduous in his attendance at church
dissidence
different idea
dissident
People with different opinions (sitting separately to express different opinions)
dissident writers
insidious
(sitting inside = hidden, lurking)
The change is insidious, and will not produce a noticeable effect for 15 to 20 years
preside
(sitting in front) hosting
Mr smith will present at the next meeting
president
President
reside
live, abide (place to sit again)
They reside abroad
sedan
car, sedan
sedate
calm
sedentary
sedentary, sedentary
Pigeons are sedentary birds
sediment
Precipitate
subside
precipitation
subsidy
allowance, grant
supersede
super (over what) = replace
We must supersede old machines by new ones
saddle
saddle
sedulous
Diligent
helio-(sun)
helioscope
solar telescope
hibit=hold (hold)
exhibit
exhibition
exhibitionist
Exhibitionist
inhibit
inhibition
prohibit
prohibition
prohibitive
opt-, opto-, ops-=sight, meaning "eyes, vision"
optic
eye, vision, optics
optic nerve optic nerve
optics
Optics
optometer
Vision meter
panoptic
sweeping, panoramic
orn-:=embellish, means decoration
adorn
to decorate, to give color
Gold rings adorned his fingers
ornament
decorate
ornate
decorative, ornate
suborn
Bribery, perjury
to suborn a witness
fid=trust, faith (believe, belief)
fidelity
loyalty,honesty,loyalty
fidelity to your principles
confide
confide, confide
She confided all her secrets to her best friends
confidant
close friend
She is my confidant
confidential
secret, confidential
confident
Confident (Lord)
diffident
Lack of self-confidence (Lord)
He was modest and diffident about her success
perfect
per- (second meaning, indicating false)
perfect
Betrayal, betrayal
Would the man’s perfidy never reach a limit
periwig
wig
wig (another commonly used word for wig)
perjure
perjury
Witnesses lied and perjured themselves
pervert
corrupt, misuse
Some people believe that television could pervert the minds of children
perfidious
perfidious
infidel
pagan
affidavit
confession, testimony, affidavit
I gave an affidavit to the judge about the accent I witnessed.
pon-, pound-=put placement
compound
mixture, compound word
expound
Clarify the explanation (put out handouts)
I would like you to expound
propound
Express views
the theory of natural selection, was propounded by liyisa
impound
Temporary confiscation, seizure, shelter (pet dog)
The car was impounded by police after the accident
component
components
exponent
explainer, advocate, exponent
opponent
Opponent
postpone
put off
proponent
supporter, suggester
nom-, nomin-:=name means name
cognomen
nickname
denominate
naming, measuring
The loan was denominated in US dollars
These payments are denominated as fees rather than salary
denomination
Currency Unit
innominate
anonymous
anonymous
anonymous
nominal
nominal
nominate
nomination, name
nominee
nominee
rud-:=rude primitive, rude
rude
primitive uncivilized
rude
rudiment
Basics, getting started (raw stuff)
He has just learned the rudiments of Chinese
Erudite
(from rude) knowledgeable
This is an erudite old man
ruderal
weeds
vac-, van-, void=empty
Avoid
avoid
Devoid
Nothing, lacking
The man’s voice was devoid of inflection
evacuate
excretion, emptying
Thepolice evacuated the area
vacua
vacuum
vacuum
Emptiness, confusion, lack of thinking
vacuous
Empty, thoughtless
A vacuous expression
vacuum
vacuum cleaner
void
emptiness, blankness
vanish
The magician vanished in a sudden
vacancy
free, not occupied
vacant
free, blank, unoccupied
Vacate
to vacate, to move out, to vacate
Clay will vacate the position on June 19.
vacation
holiday vacation
vibr=swing means swing
vibrant
(keeps vibrating) full of life
a vibrant city
bright
The room was decorated in vibrant colors
vibration
shock
vibrate
shock
Every time a train went past the walls vibrated.
vibraphone
vibraphone
sati, satis, satur=enough (enough)
satisfaction
satisfy
satisfactory
saturate
to fill, to saturate
The continuous rain had saturated the soil
The company had saturated the market
Saturable
saturable
saturant
Saturating agent
satiate
fully satisfied
The dinner was enough to satiate the gourments
Satiable
satisfiable
satiability
insatiable
insatiability
san-, sanit-:=healthy
sane
clear-headed
insane
Not fresh-minded
sanitary
sanitary
sanitorium
nursing home
sanitize
Disinfect and render harmless
theme
theme
theme
theme
theme
theme
theme
theme