MindMap Gallery Atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease
This is a mind map about atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, including atherosclerosis, chronic myocardial ischemia syndrome, acute coronary syndrome, etc.
Edited at 2023-11-13 09:12:52El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
Atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease
atherosclerosis
Causes and incidence
Age and gender
Dyslipidemia
Hypertension
Smoking
Diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance
Obesity
Family history
Pathoanatomy and pathophysiology
Atherosclerosis classification I-VI
Aorta wall elasticity decreases due to atherosclerosis
Narrowing or occlusion of arterial lumen in internal organs or extremities
Pathogenesis
Clinical manifestation
Aortic atherosclerosis
coronary atherosclerosis
Cerebral atherosclerosis
Renal atherosclerosis
Mesenteric atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis of extremities
Laboratory tests
Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis
Prevention
General preventive measures
Control some risk factors related to this disease
Reasonable diet
Appropriate physical labor and physical activity
Reasonably arrange work and life
Quit smoking and drinking
Medication
Lipid-adjusting drugs
Statins, fibrates, ezetimibe, pcsk9 inhibitors
Antiplatelet drugs
Oral medications aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticagrelor, indobufen
Intravenous drugs: abciximab, tirofiban, eptifibatide
Thrombolytic and anticoagulant drugs
Thrombolytic drugs include streptokinase and alteplase
Anticoagulant drugs include unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin, warfarin and new oral anticoagulants
Interventional and surgical treatments
Overview of coronary heart disease
chronic myocardial ischemia syndrome
Stable angina
Also known as exertional angina
Clinical manifestation
Symptoms
Triggers include mood swings or physical exertion
Location: behind the sternum, it can spread to the precordial area, radiate to the left shoulder and the inner side of the left arm, reaching the ring finger and little finger
The chest pain is compressive, tight and has a burning sensation, and is occasionally accompanied by a feeling of dying
The duration lasts from a few minutes to more than ten minutes, usually no more than half an hour
Stop the original triggering symptoms and relieve them or take nitrates sublingually to relieve them within a few minutes
Invasive tests
Coronary angiography is still the gold standard for diagnosing coronary heart disease
Estimated extent of site disease where stenotic lesions can be found
Diagnosis
During an angina pectoris attack, symptoms of ST T changes can be seen in the electrocardiogram. After the symptoms disappear, the electrocardiogram changes are easy to gradually recover
Angina pectoris, grade four
Differential diagnosis
acute coronary syndrome
Angina pectoris caused by other diseases
Intercostal neuralgia and costochondritis
Cardiac neurosis
treat
During attack
Rest immediately. Symptoms usually disappear immediately after stopping activity
Take medicine, nitroglycerin or isosorbide dinitrate
Treatment during remission
Drugs to improve ischemia and relieve symptoms
β-receptor antagonist (Lol)
Nitrates
calcium channel blockers
other
trimetazidine
Nicorandil
Ivabradine hydrochloride
Renotech
Prevent myocardial infarction and improve prognosis
antiplatelet drugs
Cyclooxygenase inhibitor
aspirin
Indobufen
P2Y12 receptor antagonist
clopidogrel, ticagrelor
LDL-C lowering drugs
Statins
Ezetimibe
PCSK9 inhibitors
ACEI and ARB
Surgery: Vascular Reconstruction
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)
Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)
Latent coronary heart disease
Ischemic cardiomyopathy
clinical manifestations
Congestive type
Angina pectoris
heart failure
Arrhythmia
Thrombosis and embolism
Restricted
acute coronary syndrome
Unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Other manifestations of coronary artery disease
Coronary artery spasm
Myocardial bridge
Syndrome X