castle

rural area

City

Reasons: ① Many castles were built on the ruins of cities. ②Businessmen flocked to the castle, and a city gradually formed around the castle. In the event of war, the castle also served as a refuge for citizens.

A family, in ancient Rome, was a group of people living under the same roof. In the Middle Ages, it refers to a family of several generations, including some of their relatives, even distant relatives, and their servants. The owner's family size ranges from 50 to 100 people.

A knight is a person who receives a fiefdom and must perform military service for the lord. He had to provide his own horses and weapons, so he was called a knight. Belonging to the lower class of the nobility.

The hired workers, including many people who served the knights and guards, from firemen to skilled craftsmen, in addition to a number of church monks, were all employed by the castle owner.

The owner's family lives in the inner castle and has running water. Most nobles bathed in large wooden barrels wrapped with thick cloth mats. Luxurious inner castles already had bathrooms equipped with hot and cold water tanks.

The dining procedures in the inner castle are very complicated and there are many rules for dining.

Noble families have a rich variety of meals. In addition to bread, the staple food includes cakes occasionally. Wine is a must-have for every meal, mainly wine and beer.

Weddings and property management take a lot of time. Canonization ceremony, martial arts competition, etc.

Chivalric love is a kind of love without sex.

Farmland is generally divided into three large fields. One is sown with winter crops, mainly wheat, one is sown with spring crops, mainly barley, oats and beans, and the other is left fallow, rotating every year.

Villages are generally located in areas with relatively convenient transportation. The buildings in the village are chaotic, and most farm families live in simple wooden houses. It was not until the 13th century that stone buildings appeared. Farm houses generally include a front and a backyard, where fruits and vegetables are grown and livestock and poultry are raised.

Peasants eat with their bowls on their laps. Families often share a bucket of water for bathing. There are no beds, and the floor is covered with mats filled with green wheat straw, reeds or hay.

Most raise chickens and pigs, but sell meat and eggs mostly to pay land rent. Spring and summer vegetables. The main fruit varieties are apples, pears and cherries.

The diet of medieval farmers lacked most protein, followed by lipid compounds, calcium and multiple vitamins. It was a time of widespread hunger.

On religious festivals, there is meat and cake, beer is drunk, and dancing is allowed.

reason: ① The infant death rate is very high. About 1/3 to 1/2 of newborns do not live to be 15 years old, so they often see death. ②Christian view of the afterlife, so they do not regard this life as very important.

By 1200, there were many cities in Western Europe. Some small towns have fewer than 500 residents, but many of today's famous cities, such as Paris, Florence, Milan, and Venice, had a population of 25,000 in the 12th century. Until the early 14th century, the population of these cities exceeded 50,000, and some cities, such as Florence, even reached 100,000. But the proportion of the total population does not exceed 10%.

The upper class, including wealthy merchants, important administrative officials, and rural aristocrats living in cities;

The middle layer is dominated by small owners, including craftsmen and small businessmen;

At the lower level, there are helpers and apprentices employed in handicraft workshops and coolies engaged in unskilled work.

Ordinary houses were built along the street, wooden structures, rectangular, and three stories high, with each floor divided in two lengthwise, resulting in a room width of only 20 to 30 feet or less. Because there was too much wood material and the chimney equipment was not perfect, fires often broke out.

The houses of wealthy merchants were not only spacious and tall, with solid foundations, but also made of stone. Other differences were that the windows were inlaid with glass and the roofs were paved with lead iron. Some wealthy businessmen's houses are more self-contained, with houses built around them, forming a large courtyard.

Neighborhoods are divided by industry, such as Cobbler Street, Armor Street, Wooden Ladder Street, etc. The city streets are narrow and rugged, dusty on sunny days, and muddy after rain. Poultry and livestock shuttle between vehicles, and the traffic is chaotic.

Feces are regularly hauled to designated locations in the suburbs for disposal, but the waste is dumped on the streets, causing the streets to stink.

Larger cities have public indoor and outdoor markets. The market is divided into different exclusive areas according to product categories, and there are also special sales areas for defective products.

The city's landmarks are the church and the main monastery. Notre Dame de Paris is taller and more majestic than the Royal Palace of Paris.

The church yard was often the city's cemetery. Cemeteries often became places of public gatherings, active areas for traveling traders, and haunts of prostitutes at night.

Parishes and guilds. Each rector is responsible for managing various matters related to spiritual life. Guilds are organizations of handicraft owners in the same industry.