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Basic Overview of Structural Chemistry
The Basic Overview of Structural Chemistry covers atomic structure, molecular structure, and intermolecular forces. Atomic structure details electrons, protons, neutrons, and shells. Molecular structure encompasses chemical bonds (covalent, ionic, metallic), molecular shapes (VSEPR theory), and molecular orbitals. Intermolecular forces include types like dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonding, and Van der Waals, which significantly impact physical properties.
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Basic Overview of Structural Chemistry
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- Method for evaluating the proliferation ability of cell lines
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- Outline
Basic Overview of Structural Chemistry
Introduction to Structural Chemistry
Definition of Structural Chemistry
Study of the structure of matter at atomic, molecular, and macroscopic levels
Relation between structure and chemical properties
Importance of Structural Chemistry
Understanding chemical reactions
Designing new materials and drugs
Atomic Structure
Fundamental Particles
Protons, neutrons, and electrons
Charge and mass of each particle
Location within the atom
Atomic Nucleus
Composition and stability
Isotopes and their significance
Electron Configuration
Quantum numbers and atomic orbitals
Principal, azimuthal, magnetic, and spin quantum numbers
Types of orbitals (s, p, d, f)
Aufbau Principle
Building up electron configurations
Hund's rule and Pauli exclusion principle
Molecular Structure
Covalent Bonding
Sharing of electron pairs
Sigma and pi bonds
Bond length and strength
Lewis Structures
Dot structures for molecules
Formal charge and resonance
Ionic Bonding
Transfer of electrons
Formation of cations and anions
Lattice energy and crystal structures
Metallic Bonding
Electron sea model
Delocalized electrons
Conductivity and malleability of metals
Intermolecular Forces
DipoleDipole Interactions
Polar molecules and their attraction
Effect on boiling and melting points
Hydrogen Bonding
Strong dipoledipole interaction
Involvement of hydrogen atom
Importance in biological systems
London Dispersion Forces
Induced dipoleinduced dipole interactions
Effect of molecular size and shape
Crystallography
Types of Crystals
Ionic, covalent, metallic, and molecular crystals
Structural characteristics
Physical properties
Crystal Lattices
Unit cells and Bravais lattices
Symmetry and space groups
Xray Crystallography
Principles of Xray diffraction
Bragg's law
Determination of crystal structures
Macromolecules and Polymers
Structure of Polymers
Monomers and polymerization
Addition and condensation polymerization
Structureproperty relationships
Biopolymers
Proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates
Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures
Synthetic Polymers
Plastics, fibers, and elastomers
Polymer synthesis and processing
Applications in industry and technology
Spectroscopy in Structural Chemistry
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy
Vibration modes and functional groups
Identification of chemical bonds
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
Magnetic properties of nuclei
Determination of molecular structure
Mass Spectrometry (MS)
Fragmentation patterns and molecular weight
Identification of compounds and isotopic analysis
Computational Chemistry
Molecular Modeling
Methods for predicting molecular structure
Molecular mechanics and quantum mechanics
Molecular dynamics simulations
Software and Tools
Commonly used computational chemistry programs
Visualization and analysis of molecular structures
Theoretical Studies
Density Functional Theory (DFT)
Calculation of electronic structure
Prediction of chemical reactivity
Ab initio Methods
From first principles calculations
Accurate prediction of molecular properties