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Basic Overview of Inorganic Chemistry
The basic overview of inorganic chemistry focuses on the classification, properties, and trends of elements in the periodic table. It explores the types and characteristics of bonds formed between atoms, including covalent, ionic, and metallic bonds. Additionally, it discusses the definitions, properties, and reactions of acids and bases, encompassing the Brønsted-Lowry and Lewis theories.
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Basic Overview of Inorganic Chemistry
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Basic Overview of Inorganic Chemistry
Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry
Definition of Inorganic Chemistry
Study of all elements and their compounds except carbonbased compounds
Importance of Inorganic Chemistry
Fundamental for understanding materials science
Essential for industrial processes
Periodic Table
Structure of the Periodic Table
Rows (periods) represent energy levels of electrons
Columns (groups or families) represent similar properties
Groups and Periods
Group 1: Alkali Metals
Soft, reactive metals
Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
Less reactive than alkali metals
Transition Metals
Elements between groups 2 and 3
Exhibit variable oxidation states
Lanthanides and Actinides
Inner transition series
Radioactive elements
Periodic Trends
Atomic Radius
Decreases across a period
Increases down a group
Ionization Energy
Increases across a period
Decreases down a group
Electronegativity
Increases across a period
Varies down a group
Chemical Bonding
Ionic Bonding
Transfer of electrons from metal to nonmetal
Formation of ions with opposite charges
Covalent Bonding
Sharing of electrons between nonmetals
Molecules formed
Metallic Bonding
Bonding in metals
Delocalized electrons
Bonding Theories
Valence Bond Theory
Describes overlapping orbitals
Molecular Orbital Theory
Describes bonding in terms of molecular orbitals
Acids and Bases
Arrhenius Theory
Acids produce H+ ions in solution
Bases produce OH ions in solution
BrønstedLowry Theory
Acids donate protons (H+)
Bases accept protons
Lewis Theory
Acids are electron pair acceptors
Bases are electron pair donors
Oxidation and Reduction
Oxidation
Loss of electrons
Increase in oxidation state
Reduction
Gain of electrons
Decrease in oxidation state
Redox Reactions
Reactions involving transfer of electrons
Balancing of redox reactions
Coordination Compounds
Definition
Complexes with central metal ion or atom
Surrounded by ligands
Nomenclature
Naming of coordination compounds
Rules for naming
Isomerism
Structural isomers
Different connectivity of atoms
Stereoisomers
Same connectivity but different spatial arrangements
Inorganic Compounds
Binary Compounds
Composed of two elements
Naming and classification
Ternary Compounds
Composed of three elements
Naming and classification
Polyatomic Compounds
Contain multiple atoms of at least one element
Naming and classification
Applications
Industrial Processes
Production of chemicals and materials
Catalysis in chemical reactions
Biological Systems
Role of inorganic elements in living organisms
Bioinorganic chemistry
Environmental Chemistry
Impact of inorganic compounds on the environment
Remediation of pollutants