Identification of enzymes

Discovery of DNA structure

Development of molecular biology techniques

Sequencing of the human genome

Catabolism

Anabolism

Biological catalysts

Regulation of biochemical reactions

DNA and RNA

Protein synthesis

Separation of chemical substances

Identification of chemical structures

Determination of molecular structures

Glycolysis

Krebs cycle

Fatty acid oxidation

Cholesterol synthesis

Transcription and translation

Posttranslational modifications

Drug development

Understanding disease mechanisms

Genetic engineering

Crop improvement

Fermentation processes

Biotechnology

Protein folding

Biomolecular interactions

Gene expression

DNA replication

Intracellular signaling

Cell cycle regulation

Modeling biological systems

Integrative analysis of complex networks

Tailoring medical treatment to individual genetic profiles

Designing and constructing new biological parts, devices, and systems

Computational methods for managing and analyzing biological data

Application of nanotechnology in biological systems