This is a mind map about aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids, covering their chemical properties, reactions, and preparation methods. It includes oxidation and reduction reactions, nucleophilic addition reactions (NAR), and condensation reactions like aldol and Cannizzaro reactions. The diagram also outlines key tests such as Tollen’s, Fehling’s, and Benedict’s tests for aldehydes. Additionally, it details the hydrolysis of nitriles and the oxidation of alcohols to form carboxylic acids.