Critical thinking

Critical thinking is a fundamental skill that plays a crucial role in the field of data science. It involves the ability to analyze information objectively, evaluate arguments, and make sound decisions based on evidence and logical reasoning. This mind map aims to delve into the various aspects of critical thinking. By understanding and applying critical thinking, we can become more independent thinkers, better problem solvers, and effective decision-makers.

Edited at 2023-03-14 05:35:43

Guntur Aditya

Critical thinking

Guntur Aditya

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Critical thinking

Ennis (1985) and Facione (1990)

disposition

reflective reactions

skills

sophisticated strategies for linking knowledge, facts from diverse sources, and personal experiences, resulting in a broader perspective and a better understanding

The important of critical thinking in higher education

Main Topic

Baker et al. (2019) The 4 basic concept in academic reading

cognitive conceptions

compliance conception

contextualized definition

sociopolitical nature of reading

Research questions

1. How are the students’ strategies in constructing critical thinking in reading?

2. How do the students’ critical thinking constructions play in developing academic reading?

The role of critical thinkng in reading

Critical thinking is important for the students in the process of developing reading comprehension such as in the process of understanding, analyzing, evaluating, and making conclusion

Reading comprehension

Academic reading comprehension

Organization

Subtopic

critical

level of reading skills that requires critical thinking, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation to fully comprehend text's meaning, both explicit and implied.

inferential

ablity to understand to explicit information

literal

ability to understanding the writing text ( implicit information)

Critical thinking construction

knowledge construction

ability to create own understanding

Evaluating

ability to measure the validity and credibelity of the information

Decision making

ability to determine something

Theoretical framework

Relevant studies

Jie and Yuan (2015)

The majority of non-native English speakers can think critically in English, but they need classes or other instruction.

as a teaching technique for critical thinking abilities, particularly in majors other than English, and lecturers make full use of the literature that is readily available.

Hidayati et al. (2020)

There was a siignificant correlation between critical thinking, critical reading, and predictor variables (critical thinking skills and critical reading skills)

Sahirruding et al. (2020)

This study included reading comprehension, critical thinking, and participant interviews.

This study found that reading does not affect critical thinking.

This shows that critical thinking may be learned without reading.

Arifin's (2020)

while critical reading strategies can improve students' critical thinking, their effectiveness is limited for those with poor English proficiency

The strategies in developing academic reading comprehension

In the classroom

Teacher need need to encourage a reading culture, teach reading strategies, build background knowledge, improve language understanding, and enhance fluency using prosodic reading techniques

Out of the class

Dewi and Salmiah (2019)

applied bottom – up strategies in reading comprehension texts

Fauzi and Ashadi (2019)

Female students used the tactics more than male students.

Both genders reread and circled or underlined content to better grasp it.

Yet, educational consequences of metacognitive methods that assist pupils activate their higher order thinking skills in reading must be considered.

Al-Jarrah and Salina (2018)

logical knowledge (under linguistic schema),

formal construction (under formal schema),

cultural knowledge (under cultural schema),

prior knowledge and conceptual knowledge (under content schema)

The problems on academic reading comprehension in higher education

External

Anwar and Sailuddin (2022)

translation and comprehension of complex and formal phrases

Dewi (2022)

translation and comprehension of complex and formal phrases

The pandemic has also disrupted many students' routines, potentially affecting their cognitive functioning and ability to engage in critical thinking (Bao,2020)

Due to the pandemic, online learning has replaced traditional classrooms, which may reduce student-teacher-peer interaction and hinder critical thinking skills.

Internal

Ida, Anggareni, and Rosmalena's (2020)

fluent reading requires speed and accuracy and expression, and this study revealed that only reading speed and expression affected comprehension.

The important of academic reading for students in higher education

As a crucial ability for college students who wish to comprehend complex social issues

Kucer (2016) and van den Broek et al. (2016), necessitates the assimilation of new information, experiences, as well as explicit and implicit textual material that broadens understanding

an excellent approach to polish a number of crucial academic skills

from Nurjannah and Putri's (2021), students with strong literal comprehension have performed well at the interpretative, critical, and creative levels.

The problems related to constructing critical thinking

Kumar and Santhanam, 2021; Sharma et al., 2020

. The transition to online learning, necessitated by the pandemic, has altered the traditional classroom environment, which may hinder the development of critical thinking skills due to reduced interaction between students, professors, and peers

Bao 2020

The pandemic has also disrupted many students' routines, potentially affecting their cognitive functioning and ability to engage in critical thinking

Cao et al., 2020 and Wang et al., 2020

Moreover, the pandemic has caused an increase in stress and anxiety for many students, further impeding their cognitive abilities

The aspects that is essential in constructing critical thinking

Facione (2013)

Interpretation

Analysis,

Evaluation

Inference

Explanation

The important of critical thinking for students in higher education

Critical thinking skills are essential for students to achieve optimal learning and comprehension

from Nurjannah and Putri's (2021), students with strong literal comprehension have performed well at the interpretative, critical, and creative levels.

Critical thinking fosters reflective reactions and involves sophisticated strategies for linking knowledge, facts from diverse sources, and personal experiences, resulting in a broader perspective and better understanding.

Developing critical thinking skills is crucial for students to connect their knowledge, information, and experiences

Cotrell (2017) suggests that critical thinking and self-evaluation should be emphasized in all aspects of life, including the classroom and the workplace.

helps students in making a decision, solving a complex problem, understanding multiple perspectives, and helping communicate effectively.

Enhance language and comprehension skill

Gandimathi and Zarei (2018) discovered that students who engaged in critical thinking possessed superior analytic skills, which resulted in improved English proficiency.

Ennis (1985) and Facione (1990), students who think critically about course materials are less likely to misunderstand the material.