MedicalInterventions

Medical Interventions includemedication & surgical methods asa way to control orAny examination,treatment, or other act havingPreventive, diagnostic therapeutic orrehabilitative aims and whichis carried out.

Signs & Symptoms

Fatigue

Nose Bleeds

Renin InhibitorsDirect renin inhibitors black the enzyme renin fromtriggering a process that helps regulate blood pressure.As a result, blood vessels relax and widen, makingit easier for blood to flow through the vessesls, which lowers blood pressure.Example: Aliskiren

Calcium CHannel AntagonistReduce peripheral vascular resistance; No adverse CNS ormetabolic effects An option for second-line therapy,generally with a thiazide-type diuretic use at low doses(pharmacokinetics change with advancing age) do not use short-acting CCAs to treat HTN

ACE InhibitorsCan be used as initial monotherapy for simple HTN in older patients,especially men Generally well tolerated (except for cough)No adverse CNS or metabolic effectsWell suited to patients with diabetes and those with LVsystolic dysfunction

Thiazide DiureticsThe thiazides are the most commonly used oral diurtics and are widelyUsed in the therapy of hypertension and congestive heart failure,as well as the treatment of edema due to local, renal and hepatic cuses.Examples: Hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ), Acetazolamide, Methazolamide

Beta Blockersreat several different types of conditions, includinghypertension (high blood pressure), angina, some abnormal heartrhythms, heart attack (myocardial infarction), anxiety, migraine,glaucoma, and overactive thyroid symptoms.Examples: Metoprolol, Atenolol, Carvedilol, Labetalol

Amgiotensin II Receptor BlockersExamples: Lodartan, Valsarfan, Olmesartan & Irbesartan

Flushed, pale orRed Skin

Feeling Confused(off and on)

Dizzy

Headache

Syncope

Irregular hearbeat

Visual Disturbances

Nausea & Vomitting

Ringing in ears

Syncope

Shortness of breath

High Blood Pressure

Normal Values:Systolic = <120 mmHgDystolic = <80 mmHg

MedicalInterventions

PATHOPHY SIOLOGY

Hypertension isthe elevation of theSystolic or DystollPressure Values.

Increased RiskFactors

Family history and physiologicco-morbidities. Affican Americans are at ahigher risk than Caucasians Obesity,a sedentary lifestyle and Stress,Smoking alcohol, high-fat & high-sodium diets,individuals with elevatedlipid panels are at a higher level of risk

BP increases with age,especially SBP and pulsepressure (differencebetween SBP and DBP)

Epidemiology

In Americans >65 yeard,the prevalence of hypertension (HTN)is : 50% to 70%Highest among blacksHigher in women than men.

Necessity ofk+Rich & Low Na+Diet

Discuss possiblemedication side effects

Avoid suddenposition changes

Involve family andfriends for + reinforcement

Encourage patientto keep log BP

ContinousEducation