MindMap Gallery A Brief History of the Future-Where will human society go
Harari's "A Brief History of the Future" is a book introducing the future development of mankind. To understand the author's point of view, you need to master the author's research methods and logical main line. This main line is the scientific and technological development path of human society and the huge impact of scientific and technological development.
Edited at 2022-12-07 15:03:33One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
Prologue
defeat death
The emergence of immortality will lead to permanent inequality between people
eternal happiness
Biochemistry re-creates Homo sapiens to provide endless pleasure
man becomes god
path
Bioengineering: Humans fully exploit the potential of existing organic body structures
Cyborg Engineering: Combining various non-organic devices while retaining the organic brain as the core
Non-organic bioengineering: only software can replace neural networks, and inorganic life can replace organic life.
If the mind changes from carbon-based to silicon-based, the structure of the mind will change, Homo sapiens will disappear, and human history will come to an end.
Clarify some issues
The above refers to "humanity as a whole", not most individual people
This is a historical prediction, not a political goal
Top concerns: Immortality, happiness, becoming a god
Pursuit may not necessarily lead to success
Prediction is not for prediction, prediction can change the future after discussion
Marxism did not overthrow the regimes, this prediction alone could make them change
The meaning of history: Historical knowledge will change our future behavior. Studying history is to liberate ourselves from old meanings.
The paradox of knowledge: knowledge is useless if it does not change behavior. Once behavior changes, the original knowledge loses its meaning.
On the road to becoming a god, there are no brakes
Each expert has his or her own specialty, but no one understands the whole picture of the system, and no one knows where the brakes are.
The modern economy can only grow endlessly, and braking will lead to collapse. It can only pursue sustainable goals: immortality, happiness, and divinity.
After centuries of changes, famine, plague, and war are no longer destiny for humans, unless humans themselves intentionally provoke them.
Homo sapiens conquers the world
How humans treat other animals
fact
Humans exterminated and conquered other large animals and dominated the world
Humans, like other animals, are biological algorithms that always aim at reproduction. Emotions and desires help us find the path quickly.
idea
hunter gatherer
They do not feel that they are superior to other creatures. Whether humans can survive depends on understanding and respecting the desires of the animals around them.
Hunter-gatherers tend to be animistic and can communicate with all things
farmer
Farmers' quality of life depends on the animals they can control
Farmers demote animals from beings with feelings and worthy of respect to human assets
People discipline animals according to their own needs and ignore the emotional needs of animals
Most agricultural societies viewed people of different classes as assets
Theism promises Homo sapiens to be dominant and exploit all other creatures, e.g. Christianity
Theism, God mediates between humans and ecosystems. The gods were responsible for protecting agriculture, in exchange for human contributions, at the expense of the ecosystem
modernist
Theism uses the name of God as an excuse for traditional agriculture, while humanism uses the name of man as an excuse for modern industrialized agriculture.
Humanism is based on the belief that Homo sapiens possess certain unique and sacred human qualities that animals do not have, so nature is not important.
What's special about humans
People have souls
If the soul evolved, it would be an indivisible, eternal entity, which would go against the very nature of evolution.
If the soul suddenly appeared in a human being, it is unimaginable that there was no trace of soul before him or his parents.
People have souls
If everything is in our neuron network, why separate the mind?
If the mind is higher than the network of neurons, then where is it?
The web of human meaning
Animals can only imagine what actually exists
One can imagine intersubjective things, but they have real and powerful power, such as states, laws, corporations, etc.
The web of human meaning
Animals can only imagine what actually exists
One can imagine intersubjective things, but they have real and powerful power, such as states, laws, corporations, etc.
One can imagine intersubjective things, but they have real and powerful power, such as states, laws, corporations, etc.
If you want to decipher the future of mankind, you must decipher the various fictional imaginations that give meaning to the world.
Emotional chain
Homo sapiens gives meaning to the world
Storytellers: The power of stories
1.1 Animals all live in dual realities of objective entities and subjective experiences. The world of Homo sapiens has a third reality, with various stories about money, gods, countries and companies.
1.2 Seventy thousand years ago, the cognitive revolution allowed humans to start talking about things that only existed in imagination. This ability can promote the cooperation of hundreds or thousands of people.
1.3 Five thousand years ago, humans invented writing and money
Writing allows humans to organize society in an algorithmic way. Each person completes a small step, and the final important decision is judged by the entire algorithm. This is the essence of the official debt system.
The state issues a piece of paper and forces citizens to use this piece of paper to pay taxes. The public has no choice but the market can develop.
1.4 Story should be just a tool, not a goal
We should distinguish between reality and fiction. The status of reality is of course higher than fiction. The euro can fall but it's painless
In the future, there will be more powerful fictional concepts and more totalitarian organizations. It is particularly important to distinguish between reality and fiction.
Fictional stories make it easier for humans to cooperate, but the cost is that stories also determine the goals of our cooperation
Enemies: Science and Religion
religion
Religion does not mean superstition. What you believe must be "truth". Only what others believe is "superstition"
Tutoring is not supernatural, it is part of nature for those who believe in ninja, gods, and spirits.
Religion is not a question of whether you believe in "God"
Religion is not the same as spirituality
Religion is to consolidate the secular order, spirituality is to escape
The spiritual journey is only suitable for individuals, not for society. If human beings want to collaborate, there can’t be just problems and no norms.
Religion is an all-encompassing set of stories that gives human laws, norms, and values greater legitimacy than the average human being
The definition of a religious school should be based on its social function, not whether it has a god or not.
Christianity, communism, liberalism can all be a religion
The historical laws of communism. In fact, it is like Christ’s sincerity to save God
science and religion
If science wants to create a viable human system, it will definitely need the help of Zongjiu. It studies the facts but does not make ethical judgments.
Religion is not just about ethical judgments, it always includes factual statements
Three parts of a typical religious story
Ethical judgments: such as "human life is sacred"
Factual statement; e.g. "Human life begins at the moment of conception"
A combination of ethical and factual statements, with specific instructions, such as "You can't do it even if it's just one day old."
Science cannot refute the reasonable judgments of religion, but it is a factual statement. Science can refute
Science and pastoralism are easier to compromise and cooperate than imagined
What religion cares about most is order
What science cares about most is power
Modern history is actually a process of reaching an agreement between science and a specific religion (humanism). Modern society believes in humanism, and science is not to question, but to realize its better conditions.
Modern history is the process of agreement between humanistic religion and modern science. In the near future, this agreement is likely to continue to be dismantled. Posthumanism Religious and scientific humanism may come to terms with society.
A Contract with "Modern"
Pre-modern people believed that they were living in some great plan, which limited human power but also made everything meaningful.
"Modernization" is a contract, the essence of which is: human beings give up meaning and gain strength
Without Italian, the reason why modern society is still developing is because of the rise of a revolutionary new religion: humanism
humanist revolution
The contract with modernity is to gain power and give up meaning, but there is a loophole clause. If man finds meaning outside the overall cosmic plan, meaning and power will be gained, man will find "humanism"
dogma of humanism
Humanist politics: Voters can make the best choices
Humanistic Economics: The customer is always right
Humanistic aesthetics; beauty is beauty if the viewer thinks it is beautiful
Humanistic Ethics; If it feels right, do it
Humanistic education: think for yourself
The split in humanism
Classical Orthodoxy: Liberalism, everyone is a unique person with experiences that can never be repeated
Branch 1: Social humanism, socialism blames liberalism for paying too much attention to one's own feelings and ignoring the experiences of others
Branch 2: Evolutionary humanism, the conflict of various experiences and feelings is inevitable, and the fittest wins.
Homo sapiens lose control
Time bomb in the laboratory
free will
The basis of liberalism is that people have free will. This is a statement of fact.
Fact statement science can intervene
Every electrochemical reaction is determined by the previous one, so the final decision reached is definitely not free will.
If it is a decision made by random movement of atoms, of course this is a machine, and it is not free will.
According to the wheel of evolution, all required "choices" of kinetic energy are inversely endogenous to the genetic code.
individualism
Liberalism believes that everyone has a single, indivisible white self
Split-brained people have real faces and their selves are physically separable
Ice water sells face, there are two kinds of people: white self: experience the white self to save things, white self
great separation
For insisting on the idea that people are irreplaceable. scientific response
Biology is algorithms. Every animal (including Homo sapiens) is an evolved collection of algorithms
The effect of the simple method is not affected by the development of the components. The beads of the abacus are made of iron and wood has no effect on calculations.
As long as the algorithm is determined, there is no example of silicon-based or broken-based
Superman controls the world and humans lose equality
Algorithms run the world. Humanity loses its sanctity
Humanity as a whole still has value, but individuals no longer have authority, and most branches choose to be managed by external algorithms.
Human beings have absolutely no value
Algorithms become entities like companies and countries, awakening human beings
What do people do? They can only live on drugs and playing games
It is very likely that humans will be captured and bred for elimination, because if you are more qualified than humans, you will have no incentive to control it.
Whether it’s a world dominated by superhuman beings or algorithms, liberalism will collapse
The new religion: technohumanism
Still thinking that human beings are the pinnacle of creation, Homo sapiens upgraded to god-man, fighting against the most complex unconscious algorithms
Just like humans can only see a small segment of the spectrum, the psychological realm is much broader than what we experience. Becoming a god can explore the new world of the mind.
Technological humanism faces an unsolvable dilemma
It believes that human will is the most important thing in the world, so it promotes human beings to develop and control will.
Human beings will lose their sanctity and cannot stand in the face of technology.
The new religion: dataism
Data Master believes that the world is composed of data, and the value of any phenomenon or entity lies in its contribution to data processing.
economic system
The mechanism of the economy is to collect and sell data about expectations and capabilities, and then convert them into decisions
Capitalism won the Cold War because decentralized data processing was more efficient than centralized data processing
political system
Democracy and autocracy are essentially two opposing mechanisms for collecting and analyzing information.
If the data cannot be processed effectively. Mechanisms such as elections, political parties, and congresses may be eliminated if they are inflated by time.
Authoritarian regimes are also unable to control the intensity and volume of data flows
All mankind is a data system, and individuals are chips
There are four ways to improve data system efficiency
Increase the number of processors
.Add processor types
Increase the connection between ball handlers
Increase the circulation freedom of existing connections
The construction of the Homo sapiens data processing system is divided into four stages.
Cognitive revolution, large numbers of Homo sapiens connected into a single data processing network
Homo sapiens dispersed throughout the world, increasing the variety and quantity of human processing
Score leads to loss of connection
Agricultural revolution, large-scale increase in population, increase in human cooperation network, and increase in the types, number and connections of external processors
From the invention of writing and money to before the scientific revolution, politics, business, religion, etc. have become very closely connected.
From the geographical discovery to the present, information flows freely in the global network, and the quantity and speed have accelerated.
For dataism, freedom of information is the highest good
The first commandment: connect more and more media and generate more and more information
The second commandment: Connect everything to the system, even the heretics who don’t want to join.
Data Fengwen said that human physical examination interrogates data patterns, which also destroys people's authority and source of meaning.
Experience has no value if it is not shared. Record, connect, upload data, and the front method will find the meaning of these experiences.
As long as there are better algorithms and data, human biological algorithms will naturally be eliminated.
The Internet of Everything itself has a sacred meaning
Dataism is a threat to humans just as humans are a threat to other animals. Data development does not care about human autonomy.
The three most important events and three key questions
Event 1: Science is gradually converging in an all-encompassing message, that is, all living things are algorithms and life activities are data processing
Question 1: Is biology really just algorithms, and biological activities really just data processing?
Event 2: Intelligence is purchasing with consciousness
Question 2: Which one is more valuable, intelligence or consciousness?
Event 3: Unconscious but highly intelligent algorithms may soon understand us better than we do ourselves
Question 3: What will happen to society, politics, and daily life when the power of enlightenment and wisdom is greater than our own?
Three questions the author leaves us to think about
The emerging "post-humanism" is destined to subvert these old humanisms and produce new humanisms, namely technological humanism and data humanism.
Three questions answered in three parts
How to predict the future?
What was it like in the past?
What future will all this lead to?
Yuval Harari
Currently Professor of History at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Representative works
A brief history of mankind
A brief history of the future
Teach the past, what to teach?
Fiction requires imagination
Teaching now, what to teach?
independence of thinking and consciousness
To teach the future, what to teach?
The development of intelligence
A brief history of today
A chapter "The World After the Coronavirus" was published in the New York issue of the Financial Times on March 21. It is well worth reading. It mainly analyzes the world we will face and has very original thinking.
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