MindMap Gallery 2023 Software Test Software Evaluator Chapter 1 Computer system composition and basic hardware knowledge
2023 Software Test Software Evaluator Chapter 1 Basic knowledge of computer system composition and hardware, including basic computer system hardware composition, input, output, bus, instructions, etc.
Edited at 2023-11-14 22:19:23El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
Chapter 1 Basic knowledge of computer system composition and hardware
representation of numbers
base
binary
Cardinality
express
Octal
Cardinality
express
hexadecimal
Cardinality
express
decimal
Cardinality
express
Conversion between bases
Convert between binary and decimal
Convert between binary and hexadecimal (octal)
coding system
Coding rules for various coding systems
Original code
reverse code
complement
frameshift
Application scenarios of various coding systems
complement
frameshift
Representation range of various code numbers
Original code, reverse code
complement
Number of machines
concept
Features
Fixed point numbers and floating point numbers
fixed point number
Characteristics of fixed-point integers
Characteristics of fixed-point decimals
floating point number
Floating point number format
Normalization of floating point numbers
The operation process of floating point numbers
The impact of floating point number code/mantissa digits on numbers
logic operation
logical AND operations
also called logical multiplication
calculating signs
•,∩,∧,AND
Logical OR operation
Also known as logical addition
calculating signs
,∪,∨,OR
Logical NOT operation
Also known as logical negation
calculating signs
—
Logical XOR
Also known as half addition operation
calculating signs
XOR
Basic components of computer system hardware
Names of the five major components
The functions of the five major components
Central processing unit (CPU)
CPU functions
CPU composition
The function of the operator
The composition of the operator
Arithmetic Logic Unit ALU Functions
Accumulation register function
Data buffer register function
Status Condition Register Function
Controller functions
Controller composition
Function of instruction register
Program Counter Function
Address register function
Instruction decoder functions
Functions of sequential components
CPU performance indicators
Main frequency
word length
Number of cores
CPU cache
MIPS
MFLOPS
memory
multi-level storage
solved problem
Cache
Cache function
Cache composition
address map
direct image
fully associative image
group connected image
replacement algorithm
random replacement algorithm
first in first out algorithm
Least recently used algorithm
Optimized replacement algorithm
Cache performance analysis
Cache design goals
Calculation of equivalent weighted average access time of Cache memory
main memory
address
Memory capacity/chip computing
auxiliary memory
disk storage
Unformatted capacity
Format capacity
virtual memory
constitute
principle
RAM/ROM
RAM
Overview
Characteristics of static RAM
Characteristics of dynamic RAM
ROM
Overview
According to addressing mode
random access memory
Features
represent
sequential memory
Features
represent
direct memory
Features
represent
associative memory
Features
represent
Stored unit conversion
bit
Byte
Kilo
Mega
Giga
Tera
input Output
Coding of memory and interfaces
Memory and interface address independent encoding method
Unified encoding method for memory and interface addresses
direct program control
Unconditional delivery
Program query method
Interrupt mode
concept of interruption
Interrupt response time
Interrupt vector table
direct memory access
Characteristics of DMA
input/output processor
bus
bus definition
How to connect devices
serial connection
Parallel connection
According to function
Data Bus
control bus
address bus
Performance
bit width
bandwidth
working frequency
parallel processing
Parallelism
concept
Simultaneity
Concurrency
parallel approach
time overlap
Duplicate resources
Resource Sharing
instruction
concept
composition
Addressing mode
Immediate addressing mode
direct addressing mode
Indirect addressing mode
Register addressing mode
Register indirect addressing mode
Relative addressing mode
base addressing mode
Indexed addressing mode
Flynn classification
Related concepts
instruction flow
data flow
Multiplicity (polyploidy)
Category 4
SISD
SIMD
Parallel processor (array computer)
MISD
MIMD
multiprocessor
CISR/RISC
Features of CISR
Characteristics of RISC
assembly line
concept
Pipeline cycle
Pipeline calculation formula
The time it takes to execute n instructions in a pipelined manner
Pipeline throughput
Check code
Related concepts
Error checking
Correction
code distance
The relationship between code distance and error detection/correction
parity check
Features
encoding rules
CRC
Features
encoding rules
Modulo 2 division
Hamming code
Features
encoding rules
Calculation of the relationship between check digits and data bits