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MindMap Gallery network layer
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network layer
This is a clear mind map that primarily explains addressing, fragmentation, and Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). It elaborately explains the importance and methods of address allocation in computer networks; the process of defragmentation and its impact on performance enhancement; and the working principle of ARP and its role in network communication. Furthermore, it explores the significance of these concepts for understanding network operations and maintaining an efficient network environment.
Edited at 2024-06-01 11:37:26- circuit abstraction
This is a clear mind map that primarily explains signal representation, V-I relationship, and open circuit. Each content is further explained on several levels, including their definitions, importance, and applications. For example, signal representation refers to ways of representing information with symbols or values; V-I relationship refers to the relationship between voltage and current across a resistor; open circuit refers to a state where a break in the circuit causes current not to flow.
- network layer
This is a clear mind map that primarily explains addressing, fragmentation, and Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). It elaborately explains the importance and methods of address allocation in computer networks; the process of defragmentation and its impact on performance enhancement; and the working principle of ARP and its role in network communication. Furthermore, it explores the significance of these concepts for understanding network operations and maintaining an efficient network environment.
- access protocols
This mind map elaborates on random access protocol, controlled access protocol, and channelization. It explains how these communication protocols work and how they optimize the use of wireless spectrum to ensure efficiency and stability in data transmission.
network layer
- circuit abstraction
This is a clear mind map that primarily explains signal representation, V-I relationship, and open circuit. Each content is further explained on several levels, including their definitions, importance, and applications. For example, signal representation refers to ways of representing information with symbols or values; V-I relationship refers to the relationship between voltage and current across a resistor; open circuit refers to a state where a break in the circuit causes current not to flow.
- network layer
This is a clear mind map that primarily explains addressing, fragmentation, and Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). It elaborately explains the importance and methods of address allocation in computer networks; the process of defragmentation and its impact on performance enhancement; and the working principle of ARP and its role in network communication. Furthermore, it explores the significance of these concepts for understanding network operations and maintaining an efficient network environment.
- access protocols
This mind map elaborates on random access protocol, controlled access protocol, and channelization. It explains how these communication protocols work and how they optimize the use of wireless spectrum to ensure efficiency and stability in data transmission.
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- Outline
Network Layer
Services
Packetizing
Packet Switching
Virtual-Circuit Approach (Connection-oriented)
Connection setup
Can all datagrames follow the same path
Multiple connections
Datagram Approach (Connectionless)
No Connection setup
May or may not travel the same path
Internet is connectionless
Routing and Forwarding
Addressing
IP address is a 32-bit address -
4 octets (bytes)
Full Addressing
Class A
Binary; start with 0
Decimal: 0-127
Prefix = 8 bits
Suffix = 24 bits
Address 0.x.x.x is reserved (0.0.0.0 default route) (127) block reserved for loopback
Class B
Binary; start with 10
Decimal: 128-191
Prefix: 16 bits
Suffix: 16 bits
First and second Bytes for network id and rest for host id
Class C
Binary; start with 110
Decimal:192- 223
Prefix: 24 bits
Suffix: 8 bits
Class D
Binary; start with 1110
Decimal:224-239
Class E
Binary; start with 1111
Decimal: 240-255
Full Addressing
Subnet mask
Put 255 in Network Portion and 0 in host portion
Network address
Put Same address in question except the host portion put 0
First Address
Same Network Address except the in the last byte put one
Last Address
Same Network Address except the in the last byte put 254
Broadcast Address
Same Network Address except the in the last byte put 255
Prefix:
Number of bits for network
Suffix
Number of bits for host
Block Size=2^ number of bits for Network
Number of hosts: number of host portion -2
Subnetting
Subnet Mask
As Tutorial 7
Network address
As Tutorial 7
IPV4 AND SubnetMassk
First Address
Last Address
Broadcast Address
Prefix:
Number of bits for network
Suffix
Number of bits for host
Block Size=2^ number of bits for Network
Number of hosts:2^(32 – new prefix) -2
CIDR: Classless Interdomain Routing
Variable-length subnet masking (VLSM)
Private addresses
10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Dynamically assigned IP address to hosts
Adress Resloution Protocol (ARP)
Translates between Internet IP address and MAC sublayer address
Request is broadcast
ARP reply is unicast
Organize data into charts
Fragmentation
Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU)
Packet size must be less than the maximum size
Flags
D
D=1 means Do not fragment the packet
D=0 means Do fragment the packet
M
M=0 means the packet is the last fragment
M=1 means the packet is not the last fragment
Network Address Translation (NAT)
NAT will NOT allow more than one host to contact same destination
Port Address Translation (PAT)
NAT will allow more than one host to contact same destination