Mild reaction conditions

Highly regulated

Every metabolic pathway is irreversible

A metabolic pathway has at least 1 rate-limiting step

Metabolic reactions have strict cellular localization in eukaryotic cells

Self -support

Heterotrophic

1. Degradation stage of biological macromolecules

2. Preliminary decomposition stage of monomer molecules

3. The acetyl group completes the decomposition stage through the tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway.

4. Hydrogen combustion stage

standard redox potential

Non-standard redox potential

The first and second theorem of thermodynamics

The relationship between standard free energy change and equilibrium constant

The relationship between standard free energy changes and redox sites

European chemical reactions within living systems

High energy compounds with high energy bonds

No dehydrogenase

dehydrogenase required

Oxidase

Biological oxidation system without transfer body

Biological oxidation system requiring transfer bodies

Components: NADH dehydrogenase complex, coenzyme, succinate dehydrogenase complex, cytochrome bc1 complex, cytochrome c, cytochrome oxidase complex

concepts and types

electron transport inhibitors

oxidative phosphorylation

mechanism hypothesis

ADP/ATP ratio

electron inhibitor

oxidative phosphate inhibitor

uncoupling agent