Cambridge IGCS Chemistry Coursebook 2023 Chapter 16 Summary of knowledge points

MindMap Gallery Cambridge IGCS Chemistry Coursebook 2023 Chapter 16 Summary of knowledge points

Cambridge IGCS Chemistry Coursebook 2023 Chapter 16 Summary of knowledge points

This is a mind map about Extraction and corrosion of me. The main content includes: Corrosion of metals, Metal extraction and the reactivity series.

Edited at 2024-11-30 21:55:51

Ava Harper

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Cambridge IGCS Chemistry Coursebook 2023 Chapter 16 Summary of knowledge points

Ava Harper

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Outline

Extraction and corrosion of metals

Metal extraction and the reactivity series

Ore: a naturally occurring mineral from which a metal can be extracted

Electrolysis: the breakdown of an ionic compound, molten or in aqueous solution, by the use of electricity

Extraction of iron from its ore

Hematite: the major ore of iron, iron(Ill) oxide

Blast furnace: a furnace for extracting metals (particularly iron) by reduction with carbon that uses hot air blasted in at the base of the furnace to raise the temperature

Limestone: a form of calcium carbonate (CaCO3)

Mineral: a naturally occurring rock containing a particular compound

Slag: a molten mixture of impurities, mainly calcium silicate, formed in the blast furnace

Reduction of iron ore to iron

carbon oxygen → carbon dioxide

carbon dioxide carbon → carbon monoxide

iron(Ill) oxide carbon monoxide → iron carbon dioxide

Remove impurity

calcium carbonate → calcium oxide carbon dioxide

calcium oxide silicon (IV) oxide → calcium silicate

Extraction of aluminum from its ore

bauxite: the major ore of aluminum; a form of aluminum oxide, Al2O3

electrolyte: an ionic compound that will conduct electricity when it is molten or dissolved in water; electrolytes will not conduct electricity when solid

Cryolite: sodium aluminium fluoride (Na3AlF6, an ore of aluminum used in the extraction of aluminum to lower the operating temperature of the electrolytic cell; now replaced by synthetic sodium aluminium fluoride produced from the common mineral fluorite

• mining the ore • purification of the ore • electrolysis of the molten ore.

Corrosion of metals

The problem of corrosion

Rusting: the corrosion of iron and steel to form rust (hydrated iron(III) oxide)

Rust prevention

Barrier methods

Painting

Oiling and greasing

Plastic coatings

Electroplating

Galvanising

Galvanising: the protection of iron and steel objects by coating with a layer of zinc

Sacrificial protection

Sacrificial protection: a method of rust protection involving the attachment of blocks of a metal more reactive than iron to a structure; this metal is corroded rather than the iron or steel structure