Condenser, objective, eyepiece

Refers to the minimum distance that can distinguish two similar points

Function

The smaller the distance between two points, the higher the resolution.

The formula for horizontal resolution and vertical resolution

The theoretical lateral resolution of an ordinary optical microscope is 250 nm, and the longitudinal resolution is also 550 nm.

Mitochondria are about 0.5 microns in size and are the smallest structures in cells that can be observed with ordinary light microscopes.

Going above 500 will not increase the resolution

dyeing

fixed

thin slices

The diffraction and interference effects of light are used to convert the optical path difference of light waves passing through different areas of the specimen into Amplitude differences provide clearly visible light and dark contrasts between various structures within living cells

Observe the structure of cultured cells

Features

Biggest advantage

Scattered light imaging

Acid orange

Stained cell nuclei

There are two sets of filters

The resulting image is set against a dark background

Beyond Abbe's limits

Integrated imaging technology

single molecule imaging technology

in a vacuum

Living cells and tissues containing water cannot be observed

Depends on the atomic number of the constituent elements

The light source acceleration voltage is above 200,000 volts

The light source acceleration voltage is above 500,000 volts

metal projection

freeze fracture

Freeze etching technology

Mostly used for whole cell or tissue observation

1. Sample freezing 2. Cryoimaging 3. Three-dimensional reconstruction