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blood circulation
Blood circulation is a core concept in physiology. It refers to the phenomenon of blood flowing continuously and cyclically in a certain direction in the heart and vascular system under the action of heart pumping. The following is a detailed explanation of blood circulation.
Edited at 2024-12-17 09:06:22- Lemon 8 registration and login flow chart
Find a streamlined guide created using EdrawMind, showcasing the Lemon 8 registration and login flow chart. This visual tool facilitates an effortless journey for American users to switch from TikTok to Lemon 8, making the transition both intuitive and rapid. Ideal for those looking for a user-centric route to Lemon 8's offerings, our flow chart demystifies the registration procedure and emphasizes crucial steps for a hassle-free login.
- 稲盛和夫氏 私の今世の経験は、全部をまとめると、この36つだけです！
これは稲盛和夫に関するマインドマップです。私のこれまでの人生のすべての経験は、ビジネスの明確な目的と意味、強い意志、売上の最大化、業務の最小化、そして運営は強い意志に依存することを主な内容としています。
- 計画テンプレート - 月次計画ボード
かんばんボードのデザインはシンプルかつ明確で、計画が一目で明確になります。毎日の進捗状況を簡単に記録し、月末に要約を作成して成長と成果を確認することができます。 実用性が高い：読書、早起き、運動など、さまざまなプランをカバーします。 操作簡単：シンプルなデザイン、便利な記録、いつでも進捗状況を確認できます。 明確な概要: 毎月の概要により、成長を明確に確認できます。 小さい まとめ、今月の振り返り掲示板、今月の習慣掲示板、今月のまとめ掲示板。
blood circulation
- Lemon 8 registration and login flow chart
Find a streamlined guide created using EdrawMind, showcasing the Lemon 8 registration and login flow chart. This visual tool facilitates an effortless journey for American users to switch from TikTok to Lemon 8, making the transition both intuitive and rapid. Ideal for those looking for a user-centric route to Lemon 8's offerings, our flow chart demystifies the registration procedure and emphasizes crucial steps for a hassle-free login.
- 稲盛和夫氏 私の今世の経験は、全部をまとめると、この36つだけです！
これは稲盛和夫に関するマインドマップです。私のこれまでの人生のすべての経験は、ビジネスの明確な目的と意味、強い意志、売上の最大化、業務の最小化、そして運営は強い意志に依存することを主な内容としています。
- 計画テンプレート - 月次計画ボード
かんばんボードのデザインはシンプルかつ明確で、計画が一目で明確になります。毎日の進捗状況を簡単に記録し、月末に要約を作成して成長と成果を確認することができます。 実用性が高い：読書、早起き、運動など、さまざまなプランをカバーします。 操作簡単：シンプルなデザイン、便利な記録、いつでも進捗状況を確認できます。 明確な概要: 毎月の概要により、成長を明確に確認できます。 小さい まとめ、今月の振り返り掲示板、今月の習慣掲示板、今月のまとめ掲示板。
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- Outline
blood circulation
heart
heart
atria ventricles arteries
Motive force: myocardial contraction activity. Direct force: changes in indoor pressure. Go wherever the pressure is low.
The cardiac cycle is inversely proportional to the heart rate and refers to one contraction and one relaxation
ventricular systole
isovolumetric contraction phase
Indoor pressure rises sharply
ejection phase
rapid ejection period
Indoor pressure continues to rise
slow down ejection phase
diastole
isovolumetric diastole
Indoor pressure drops sharply
filling period
fast
suction effect
slow down
index
ejection fraction
stroke volume
heart rate
Output per minute
heart index
Factors affecting cardiac output
ventricular preload
end-diastolic atrial pressure
afterload
arterial blood pressure
myocardial contractility
Isometric adjustment
electrophysiology
Working cells and autonomous cells
Working cells: atrial muscle, ventricular muscle, sodium ions
Autonomic cells: sinoatrial node, calcium ions, Purkinje cells, sodium ions
Fast-responsive cells: atrial myocardium, ventricular myocardium, Purkinje cells
Slow response: sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node
Each issue
Issue 0
Depolarization, large influx of sodium ions
Issue 1
Potassium ion efflux
Phase 2 (platform phase)
Calcium ions influx (verapamil), potassium ions continue to flow out
Issue 3
Potassium ions continue to flow out
Issue 4
Sodium-potassium exchange, sodium-calcium exchange, 3 sodium 2 potassium, 3 sodium 1 calcium
The fourth phase of automatic depolarization of sinoatrial node cells
Physiological properties
Excitability
conductivity
Slow conduction at the atrioventricular node
Contractibility
Synchronous contraction
Not ankylosing
Dependent on calcium ions
electrocardiogram
P wave
atrial depolarization
QRS wave
ventricular depolarization
T wave
ventricular repolarization
PR interval
Atrioventricular conduction time, prolonged post-block time
QT interval
The entire process of the ventricles
ST segment
Abnormalities during myocardial ischemia or injury
Vascular Physiology
Classification
elastic reservoir vessel
aorta, pulmonary artery
The human body is mainly laminar flow
blood pressure
arterial blood pressure
sufficient
heart ejection
peripheral resistance
elastic receptacle
Influencing factors
stroke volume
The bigger the bigger
heart rate
peripheral resistance
elastic receptacle
circulating blood volume
venous blood pressure
central venous pressure
Elevated: increased blood volume, heart failure
Decreased: insufficient blood volume
Microcirculation
tissue fluid
Effective filtration pressure = capillary blood pressure + interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure - interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure - plasma colloid osmotic pressure Lymphatic reflux
cardiovascular activity regulation
nerve
parasympathetic nerve
sympathetic
Metoprolol blocks β1
Calcium ions, L-type calcium channel positive inotropic
norepinephrine
Heart wandering
M receptor
Ach
Blood vessel
vasoconstrictor
dilate blood vessels
body fluid
renin, angiotensin
angiotensin 2
vasoconstrictor
Promote release of transmitters
vasopressin, oxytocin
aldosterone synthesis and release
itself
Sinuses: baroreceptors body chemoreceptors
organ circulation
coronary artery
High perfusion pressure and large blood flow
High oxygen uptake rate and large oxygen consumption
Ventricular diastole, excess blood, maximum early diastole
Adenosine relaxes small blood vessels