MindMap Gallery Main Characteristics of Culture
A mind map about Main Characteristics of Culture. Culture can be defined as the totality of beliefs, values, customs, symbols, and ways of living that are characteristic of a particular group of people. It encompasses the shared assumptions, patterns of behavior, and ways of interacting that bind members of a society together and distinguish them from other groups.
Edited at 2021-05-30 19:42:21A mind map about Main Characteristics of Culture. Culture can be defined as the totality of beliefs, values, customs, symbols, and ways of living that are characteristic of a particular group of people. It encompasses the shared assumptions, patterns of behavior, and ways of interacting that bind members of a society together and distinguish them from other groups.
This mind map presents the main characteristics of culture. A total of nine characteristics are shown on the map, namely predictability, uncontrollability, diffuseness, complexity, sharedness, normalcy, integration, functionality, rationality and logic, stability and changeability, and transmissibility. More detailed explanations can be found on the mind map. You can try EdrawMind to design your concept map easily.
A mind map about Main Characteristics of Culture. Culture can be defined as the totality of beliefs, values, customs, symbols, and ways of living that are characteristic of a particular group of people. It encompasses the shared assumptions, patterns of behavior, and ways of interacting that bind members of a society together and distinguish them from other groups.
This mind map presents the main characteristics of culture. A total of nine characteristics are shown on the map, namely predictability, uncontrollability, diffuseness, complexity, sharedness, normalcy, integration, functionality, rationality and logic, stability and changeability, and transmissibility. More detailed explanations can be found on the mind map. You can try EdrawMind to design your concept map easily.
Main Characteristics of Culture
Sharedness
People have different views on the existing form of culture
Fischer (2009)
Culture is a collective phenomenon that members share.
Inglehart (1997)
Culture is a system of attitudes that includes values and widely shared knowledge in society
the basis of marginal phenomena
murder rates
suicide rates
Normalcy
Cultural traits are viewed as normal traits
idiosyncrasies or pathologies
Symptoms/behaviors that deviate significantly from normal characteristics
Murder
polygyny
socialization for violence
The three of them are in the same situation. (One is a normal characteristic, the others are all normal characteristics; And vice versa)
corruption
Corruption is an important part of poor societies and can lead to cultural aberrations, cases or destructive behavior.
Integration, Functionality, Rationality, and Logic
Integration (Haviland, 1990)
The interrelation of phenomena in a given culture.
Functionality, Rationality, and Logic
The integration of cultural elements and the systems that those elements form can
Stability and Changeability
It depends on the society, the pressure on the culture and the criteria for measuring change
Stability
values, beliefs, and behavioral patterns, usually do not change drastically overnight
Changeability(Tylor, 1871)
a society's laws/official law
Changes can be made in a short time
measures of national religiousness and measures of obedience (Inglehart & Baker, 2000)
Transmittability
Culture can be transmitted within one generation and between generations
The transmission mechanism of racial or national culture is social rather than hereditary
The fact that culture is transmitted through learning rather than biology is central to its nature
It is nurture, not nature, that transmits culture
Example: Flynn effect (The intelligence of an individual has nothing to do with the intelligence of a crowd.)
Complexity
Culture is a complex structure, which can be studied in the direction of regional, social, professional, ethnic, or other.
National Culture
The state as the unit of analysis
Countries play a key role in sharing. Educational and cultural institutions shape the values of almost all people "(Inglehart & Baker, 2000, p. 37).
three main kinds of critiques
Studies of individuals show significant within-nation variance.
We cannot understand national differences by studying individuals, we need to study the system of people/countries, not just the one-sided level.
Nations have regional, ethnic, or other subcultures.
A few countries have subcultures within them (Brazil, Venezuela, etc.)
National culture can be studied through official language, religious belief, ethnic group, historical experience and various traditions, which is also the link between regions and countries.
Structural theories in general have been challenged.
A theoretical perspective (Peterson & Smith, 2008)
The word "state" is not a substance, but it exists in the minds of pundits as well as citizens. It is a solid substance.
GDP per person, economic growth rates, average educational achievement, transparency versus corruption indices, Homicide and suicide rates, HIV rates, adolescent fertility rates, and road death tolls can all prove the existence of a country and its values and progress.
Operation/Practice
The act of gathering cultural elements within a people.
Whether statistics can be used to predict human behavior or culture
National Culture Versus Organizational Culture
international managers and consultants interest
The differences between them do not reflect cultural organizations, because they are not made up of organizations.
National Culture Versus Religious Denomination Culture
Cultural values are independent of religions and their ideologies. But the interplay of environmental, economic, and political factors can affect cultural values.
Weber's ideas and Protestant values
The ideologies of religions such as Confucianism, Buddhism and Christianity have influenced the spread of culture. It also reflects the cultural differences between the East and the West (collective and individual interests).
The differences between the values held by members of different religions within given societies are much smaller than are cross-national differences” (Inglehart & Baker, 2000, p. 19).
Diffuseness
The core of culture: values, beliefs, norms
Peripheral areas: institutions, arts, languages(Some of them are controversial)
Languages(part of culture)
grammatical rules are cultural (Murdock ,1940)
Biology
Whether racial and ethnic differences have an impact on IQ.
Yes
No
Whether testosterone has an impact on IQ (Manning ,2007)
Not confirmed
Genetic variation: the result of the interaction of different cultures to produce cultural variation
Uncontrollability
Cultural blocks, social forms, values, beliefs, and behaviors can all be changed. (Whether individual or nation)
Predictability
In the short term
Food supply and other questions
Both socialist and collectivist countries will encounter food supply problems, but they will have different solutions due to different cultural forms.
Although culture adapts to changing conditions, that does not imply an idea of progress or a theory of evolutionary stages of development or a rigid determinism of any sort (Murdock,1940,p. 367).
For a long time
Economic growth or other cultural determinants questions
chapter 2 in Cross-Cultural Analysis
the sequel to Culture's Consequences
published by Geert Hofstede
Not all cultural characteristics play a positive role in their survival meanings.