MindMap Gallery Food factory design - process layout
This is a mind map about food factory design - process layout. It has a detailed introduction and comprehensive description. I hope it can help interested friends learn.
Edited at 2023-11-21 10:34:49El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
El cáncer de pulmón es un tumor maligno que se origina en la mucosa bronquial o las glándulas de los pulmones. Es uno de los tumores malignos con mayor morbilidad y mortalidad y mayor amenaza para la salud y la vida humana.
La diabetes es una enfermedad crónica con hiperglucemia como signo principal. Es causada principalmente por una disminución en la secreción de insulina causada por una disfunción de las células de los islotes pancreáticos, o porque el cuerpo es insensible a la acción de la insulina (es decir, resistencia a la insulina), o ambas cosas. la glucosa en la sangre es ineficaz para ser utilizada y almacenada.
El sistema digestivo es uno de los nueve sistemas principales del cuerpo humano y es el principal responsable de la ingesta, digestión, absorción y excreción de los alimentos. Consta de dos partes principales: el tracto digestivo y las glándulas digestivas.
Workshop layout
Process layout
The equipment to be installed in the workshop shall be in accordance with the process requirements and The relationship between various equipment in production is arranged within the initially set building plane.
平面布置图
剖面布置图
Purpose
Make reasonable arrangements for plant configuration and equipment arrangement
Determine the size of the workshop space and the form of the building structure
Determine the relationship between production workshops and work sections
significance
Important part of process design
Have an important impact on production practice
Impact on the entire factory
Once constructed, it is difficult to change
in accordance with
Flow chart
Materials Accounting and Properties
Equipment information
Shared system usage
Civil construction materials and labor safety, fire prevention and explosion-proof materials
Workshop organization, distance and staffing information
Factory general layout plan
Regulatory information from relevant countries and industries
in principle
Global perspective, consistent with overall design requirements
Production requirements
General floor plan location
Relationship with other workshops and departments
conducive to development
Make equipment flexibly deployable
Meet various production possibilities
Leave room for appropriate replacement
Pay attention to safe maintenance intervals
Easy to operate, clean and repair
Except for some special equipment that are properly concentrated according to the same type, the other equipment should be arranged according to the process line as much as possible.
Utilize the transportation space as much as possible, and cooperate with each other to avoid crossing back and forth.
Air compressor room, air-conditioning room, and vacuum pump: divided and close to the place of use to reduce transmission losses; heat dissipation, volatilization, and corrosivity are arranged separately and centrally.
Pay attention to lighting, ventilation, heating, cooling and other facilities to prevent pests and rodents, drainage, moisture, and fire prevention
The level of hygiene control shall be clearly divided into areas and areas separated, and no mixed flow or reverse flow shall be allowed.
Strictly implement HACCP, ISO14000, and GMP
Leave sufficient area for production auxiliary rooms or spaces to enable various departments to control production conveniently, timely and accurately.
step
According to the process sequence, meet the basic requirements of equipment layout
Consider the rationality and possibility of construction and comply with building regulations
Express in the form of floor plan and section drawing → review selection → form formal construction drawing
Internal composition of the production workshop
production part
Raw material section
Production section
Finished product section
Recycling section
Auxiliary part
Power transformation and distribution
heat
Vacuum compressed air conditioning station
Ventilation and air conditioning
Workshop testing
Control System
Packaging Materials
life administration part
Workshop office
locker room
lounge
bathroom
bathroom
Common layout
single storey building
single straight line
No crossover between raw materials and products
There are many production line factories and equipment → imbalanced proportions
Weak in wind and earthquake resistance
double straight line
More rows result in more beams and columns.
Poor lighting conditions at depth
Suitable for production lines that are not long and have strict cross-contamination requirements
U shape
Shorten the vertical length and coordinate the proportions
Raw materials and products enter and exit at the same end
Horizontal bending
Larger quantities of equipment in a shorter workshop layout
Utilization of old workshops
Multistorey building
Mix vertical and horizontal
Conducive to self-weight blanking and continuous production, ensuring food hygiene
Requirements for architectural design
Production workshop shape, span and building structure selection
lighting
ventilation
doors and windows
interior wall
Floor
floor
stairs
Building structure of food factory production workshop
Design of workshop offices, control rooms, quality inspection rooms and welfare facilities
Pipeline design and layout
concept
General pipeline
Steam, water, compressed air, vacuum, gas and fluid materials
Interconnections between devices
process piping
The piping system that is closely connected to all process equipment in the production workshop unit
Piping systems directly related to production processes
Require
Meet production requirements
Safety
health
Economical and reasonable material selection
significance
Realize intermediate value transport
Channels connecting production equipment
Achieve controllable transportation of media in any direction and distance
Necessary facilities for automated production
Unreasonable design
Unable to carry out normal production
There are security risks
Inconvenient to install, operate and maintain
Increase running costs
Increase investment costs
Affect the appearance
step
Select pipe material
chemical properties
flow state
temperature, pressure
Medium flow rate
Pipe diameter
Pipe wall thickness
According to the nominal pressure, it can meet the general strength requirements.
Select several sections of pipelines with higher pressure and thinner walls for strength check
Connection method
Equal diameter connection
Unequal diameter connection
Valves, pipe fittings
Pipe thermal compensator
Eliminate thermal stress
Calculate the thermal expansion length of the pipe
Smaller: natural compensation by turning, brackets, fixing, etc.
Larger: wave, square, arc, sleeve, etc. thermal compensation
Adiabatic form
Thickness of insulation layer
Insulation Materials
Pipe layout
Calculate drag losses
Choose pipe rack and fixing method
Pipe rack span
Calculate vertical load, horizontal reasoning
Material
medium
Fixed situation
Accessories
Determine the span of the pipe frame according to strength conditions and stiffness conditions
Pipe fixing tools
Pipeline diagram
Prepare a comprehensive summary table of pipes, pipe fittings, valves, pipe racks and insulation materials
Pipeline anti-corrosion measures
Common pipe materials and categories
Metal tube
carbon steel pipe
public pipes
Seamless steel pipe
Welded steel pipe
Galvanized welded steel pipe
stainless steel pipe
Material pipeline
seamless
food
welding
Nonferrous metal cans
copper pipe
Brass tube
Aluminum and aluminum alloy tubes
Metal Hose
Pressure resistant hose
stainless steel hose
non-metallic pipe
plastic pipe
Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe
polypropylene pipe
FRP pipe
Hose
Composite pipe
Aluminum plastic composite pipe
Copper plastic composite pipe
Pipe selection and calculation
Pipe specifications
Nominal diameterDN
Unit: mm
Ordinary pressure cast iron pipes and valves: inner diameter
Ordinary pressure steel pipe: an integer similar to the inner diameter and outer diameter
Outer diameter × wall thickness
Unit: mm
Seamless steel pipes, spiral coil welded steel pipes, non-ferrous metal pipes with large wall thickness changes
Nominal pressure PN
When selecting pipelines, flanges, and valves, the working pressure of the pipeline should be adjusted to a standard nominal pressure level close to it.
There are currently three levels of
low pressure pipeline
Medium pressure pipeline
High pressure pipeline
General pipeline (general pressure pipe): 75.5kPa
When the pressure changes, the pipe wall changes accordingly
Change to inner diameter
Pipe selection
Indoor water supply system
DN≤150mm, galvanized steel pipe
DN>150, cast iron pipe
Indoor sewage pipe
cast iron pipe
Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe
hot water pipe
Galvanized steel
Higher requirements: copper pipe
calculate
Pipe diameter calculation
Media flow rate selection
Large flow rate and small pipe diameter save materials, increase energy consumption and increase costs.
Liquid flow rate ≤3m/s; gas ≤100m/s
If the pressure drop is small, choose a lower flow rate.
Wall thickness calculation
Pressure drop calculation
Pipe accessories
connect
flange
Removable
Flanges, gaskets, bolts, nuts
Thread
Tap water, general domestic water, lubricating oil
Removable, not as convenient as flange
The sealing reliability is low and the pressure and temperature should not be too high.
welding
Not removable
Good sealing
Simple structure, easy to install, inconvenient for cleaning and maintenance
other
Socket type
Filling culvert
Easy and quick connection
Control - valve
Plug valve
Shut-off valve
gate
Diaphragm valve
ball valve
needle valve
Check valve
safety valve
Pressure reducing valve
water trap
butterfly valve
heat insulation
50℃ - keep warm; 0℃ - keep cold
Pipe labeling
Pipe diameter
elevation
slope
Pipeline design and installation
material
Flow chart
Workshop floor plan and elevation layout
General diagram of key equipment: indicate the location and pipe diameter of the fluid inlet and outlet
Material calculation and heat calculation
Factory geological conditions
Climatic conditions
building structure
document
Pipeline configuration diagram
Pipe support
Construction instructions
General principles
Lay in parallel and try to go in a straight line
Fittings and valves of parallel pipelines are staggered
Welding and threaded connections with appropriate flanges and live pipe joints
Pipes should be installed along the walls of the factory building where possible, and the distance between pipes and walls should be able to accommodate live pipe joints and flanges.
The height is convenient for maintenance, with sidewalks >2m, crossings >4.5m, and rails >6m. The elevation of the main trunk line passing through the factory is 5m
The weld should not be located within the bracket, and the distance from the bracket should not be less than the pipe diameter
When passing through the wall, add a casing to the pipe and fill the gap with filler
Centralized laying
Avoid welding seams when passing through walls and floors
General valve 1.2m, safety valve 2.2m, thermometer 1.5m, pressure gauge 1.6m
slope
High liquidity: 0.003~0.005
Viscosity is larger>0.01
Separate hot and cold fluid pipes
Avoid passing over motors and distribution boards
Water pipes and wastewater pipes are buried underground, below the frozen soil layer
Ball valve for vacuum pipeline
Compressed air: air compressor room; vacuum: vacuum pump in this workshop
Flange ensures tightness
For long-distance real air pipelines, a drain trap should be installed at a certain distance to remove condensed water.
Ceramic pipe buried below 0.5m