MindMap Gallery Medical diuretics mind map
This is a mind map about medical diuretics, including misemide, weak diuretics, osmotic diuretics, etc. Hope it helps everyone.
Edited at 2023-12-05 19:38:12One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
One Hundred Years of Solitude is the masterpiece of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Reading this book begins with making sense of the characters' relationships, which are centered on the Buendía family and tells the story of the family's prosperity and decline, internal relationships and political struggles, self-mixing and rebirth over the course of a hundred years.
Project management is the process of applying specialized knowledge, skills, tools, and methods to project activities so that the project can achieve or exceed the set needs and expectations within the constraints of limited resources. This diagram provides a comprehensive overview of the 8 components of the project management process and can be used as a generic template for direct application.
diuretics
It is divided into three categories according to the strength of its effect.
(1) Powerful diuretics: misemide, bumecenide, ethenidenic acid (2) Moderately effective diuretic: hydrochlorothiazide (3) Weak diuretics: spironolactone, triamterene
Mise rice
Pharmacological effects
1. Diuretic mechanism: Inhibit Na-K -2C1 - symporter - in the thick ascending branch of the spinal cord, inhibit NaC1 reabsorption, and excrete a large amount of isotonic urine, which can cause hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypochloremia. Alkalosis, hyponatremia, hypovolemia, hypocalcemia. .2. Dilate blood vessels:
Clinical application
1. Severe edema 2. acute pulmonary edema and cerebral edema 3. hypercalcemia 4. early stage of acute renal failure 5. Accelerate the excretion of poisons
Adverse reactions
1. Water and electrolyte disorders: manifested as six lows (hypovolemia, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hyponatremia, Chloralkalosis, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia); 2. Ototoxicity: tinnitus, hearing loss 3. Hyperuricemia: induces gout 4. high blood sugar
Thiazide diuretics
Chlorothiazide<Hydrochlorothiazide<Hydrofluthiazide
Pharmacological effects
1. Diuretic effect; (1) Inhibit Na-Cl-symporter; (2) Inhibit carbonic anhydrase, resulting in hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypercalcemia 2. Anti-diabetes insipidus effect: reduce urine output and thirst symptoms in patients with diabetes insipidus; 3. Reduce blood volume and reduce blood pressure in the early stage of blood pressure reduction; long-term expansion of peripheral blood vessels will cause hypotension. Pressure
Adverse reactions
1 Electrolyte disorders: hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and hypercalcemia; 2 Hyperuricemia 3. Hyperglycemia: Insulin resistance 4 Others: allergic reaction
application
1 Edema: the first choice for mild and moderate source edema 2. Hypertension: combined with other drugs 3Diabetes insipidus
Weak diuretics
Spironolactone (spironolactone, spironolactone)
Pharmacological effects
Directly antagonizes aldosterone receptors (conserves sodium and excretes potassium)
Clinical application
1. Commonly used for refractory edema with increased aldosterone: for cirrhosis and nephrotic syndrome It is more effective in patients with edema. 2. Congestive failure.
Adverse reactions
1. Hyperkalemia, contraindicated in patients with poor renal function and hyperkalemia 2. Gastrointestinal effects: Contraindicated in patients with ulcers 3. central nervous system reaction 4. sex hormone-like effects 5. Thirst, rash, etc.
Triamterene
1. Direct effect: By inhibiting Na-K+ exchange between the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct, sodium reabsorption is reduced, sodium excretion is potassium-retaining and diuretic. 2. Promote uric acid excretion and treat gout.
Acetazolamide
1. Acts on the epithelial cells in the anterior segment of the proximal convoluted tubule, inhibits intracellular carbonic anhydrase, reduces intracellular H+ production, and reduces secretion into the lumen. Through the H-Na+ exchange mechanism, Na and water reabsorption are reduced. 2. It inhibits the function of carbonic anhydrase, but the effect is weak. It also inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the eye. It reduces the production of aqueous humor, lowers intraocular pressure, and treats glaucoma.
Osmotic diuretics
Features
① It is difficult to enter the tissue through capillaries after intravenous injection ②Easily filtered through renal tubules; ③Not easily reabsorbed by renal tubules.
Mannitol
Pharmacological effects
1. Dehydration: Rapidly increase plasma osmotic pressure and transfer interstitial fluid water to plasma. 2. Diuretic effect: . Increase blood volume and glomerular filtration rate . Reduce the reabsorption of Na and CL by the ascending branch of the medullary nerve and interfere with the medullary high formation of seepage . Increase renal medullary blood flow
Clinical application (20% hypertonic solution intravenous injection)
1. Cerebral edema and glaucoma: The drug of choice for cerebral edema. 2. Prevent acute renal failure: maintain adequate urine flow, dilute harmful substances in the renal tubules, and improve early hemodynamic changes.
Adverse reactions
1. Injection too fast: transient headache, dizziness, blurred vision. 2. Disabled: patients with functional insufficiency, active intracranial hemorrhage, and urinary obstruction. 3. Do not leak out of the blood vessel during intravenous injection.
Sorbitol
It is an isomer of mannitol. The effect is similar to mannitol, but weaker. The grid is often chosen because it is cheap.
hypertonic glucose
It can partially diffuse from blood vessels into tissues and be easily metabolized and utilized. Therefore, the effect is weak and not long-lasting. It is used in combination with mannitol for cerebral edema.