Among them, Salmonella typhi can cause a decrease in the number of white blood cells in peripheral blood.

Cellular edema

fatty change

Coagulation and liquefaction necrosis

Myxoid change

fibrinoid necrosis

inflammatory exudation

exudateexudate

Transudate

effusionhydrops

It can phagocytose and kill pathogenic microorganisms locally, dilute and neutralize toxins, phagocytose and remove necrosis and disintegration products, and play an inflammatory defense role. It is the most characteristic pathological change of inflammation.

Exudation of inflammatory cells as a basis for diagnosing inflammation

Dilute bacterial toxins and harmful substances

bring nutrients

Bring antibody complement and eliminate pathogens

Brings fibrinogen, prevents diffusion, and helps phagocytosis

Later fibrin helps repair

Drainage of lymph fluid to lymph nodes, causing immunity

Excessive exudate can affect tissue and organ function

inflammation congestion

Inflammation, congestion, edema or local cell proliferation

Local congestion, enhanced metabolism

Damage factors directly affect

Inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins, 5-HT, bradykinin

K leads to

Increased pressure such as inflammatory hyperemia compresses nerves

Inflammation causes local tissues and organs to become inoperable due to deterioration and exudation.

exogenous pyrogen

endogenous pyrogen

cell type

A leukemia-like reaction when white blood cells reach 40,000

Manifested as liver, spleen, lymph node enlargement

Appears immediately and lasts for a few seconds

Acceleration of local blood flow, increased blood flow and enhanced energy metabolism are the causes of local redness and heat.

Increased blood flow permeability leads to plasma leakage and accumulation of red blood cells in small blood vessels, resulting in increased viscosity and slowed blood flow.

Helps white blood cells to approach the blood vessel wall, adhere to the surface of endothelial cells and extravasate

Causes gaps in endothelial cells for leukocytes to leak out, which lasts for a short time

The most common mechanisms for increasing permeability

Injured blood vessels have extremely high permeability and continue to leak until thrombosis or endothelial cell regeneration and repair

In the cytoplasm near the junction of endothelial cells, there are interconnected vesicles forming transcellular channels.

present during inflammatory repair

Slow blood flow causes larger white blood cells to escape from the axis and reach the edges of blood vessels, which is called edge collection of white blood cells.

Selectins mediate leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells during rolling

adhesion molecules

adhesion mechanism

concept

process

Speed ​​(fast to slow)

concept

Chemokines

neutrophils

macrophages

eosinophils

concept

mechanism

Produce lymphokines and antibodies

From plasma, synthesized in liver as precursor form, activated by protease hydrolysis

cell

body fluid

virus, toxin, product

Histamine, bradykinin, PGF2

Histamine, bradykinin

PGF2, bradykinin

Serous exudation is mainly from plasma

Mucosa, serosa, loose connective tissue

Inflammatory edema, body cavity effusion, serous catarrhal inflammation (serous inflammation of the mucosa)

Skin burn → blisters

Shingles, chickenpox

Serous inflammation of the larynx, leading to edema and suffocation

Nasal mucosal catarrhitis (mucosal serous exudative inflammation)

Mainly fibrinogen leakage (large change in vascular permeability), followed by the formation of fibrin, that is, cellulose

Mucous membrane, serosa, lung

pseudomembranous inflammation

Fluffy heart

diphtheria

bacillary dysentery

Lobar pneumonia (mycoplasma pneumonia)

Fluffy heart

Neutrophil extravasation, accompanied by varying degrees of tissue necrosis and pus formation

The process of exudation of neutrophils to dissolve necrotic tissue is called suppuration

Purulent exudate is called pus

Suppurative bacterial infection, resulting in tissue suppuration

Pyogenic bacteria: Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Meningitidis, Escherichia coli

Superficial suppuration and accumulation of pus

cellulitis

abscess

Severe damage to the blood vessel wall and leakage of a large number of red blood cells

Epidemic hemorrhagic fever, plague, leptospirosis

ulcer

fistula

Hollow

Dou Dao

Causes lymphangitis and lymphadenitis

bacteremia

toxaemia

septicemia

sepsis

lasts longer

Lymphoplasmacytes and macrophages

Tissue damage caused by inflammatory cells

Parenchymal and interstitial hyperplasia is obvious

inflammatory polyps

inflammatory pseudocarcinoma

Special chronic inflammation characterized by granuloma formation

Granulomas are well-circumscribed nodules composed of local proliferation of macrophages.

infectious granuloma

foreign body granuloma

Unknown reason

macrophages

multinucleated giant cells

infectious granuloma

foreign body granuloma